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Pre-Treatment Diagnostic and Predictive Value of Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, and Cytokeratin 19 Fragment Antigen 21.1 Markers in Primary Lung Cancer
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N Hameed Hanoush *    , AR Mohammed Geeran , R Mohammed Rashied |
| 1.Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq. , noor.hameed@uoanbar.edu |
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Abstract: (8 Views) |
Background and Objective: The precise role of immunological tumor markers in diagnosing lung cancer remains unclear, although there has been significant research. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic and predictive value of pre-treatment programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21.1 (CYFRA21-1), and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in primary lung cancer.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 patients with lung cancer, aged 40 to 75 years. The patients were selected from among those who had not started any treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc.) and did not have any other type of cancer. These patients were divided into two groups: 23 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 52 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 60 controls were selected from among the participants who were in excellent health and were between 40 and 70 years old. PD-L1, MMP-9, CYFRA21-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were evaluated in the patients and the control group using ELISA.
Findings: The results show that the PD-L1 and MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in NSCLC (9.67±0.12 and 8.64±0.28ng/ml, respectively) and SCLC groups (9.26±0.12 and 7.88±0.56 ng/ml respectively), compared to the healthy group (4.84±0.07 and 0.26±0.19 ng/ml, respectively) (P≤0.01). Similarly, CYFRA21-1 levels were significantly higher in both the NSCLC (3.46±0.11 ng/ml) and SCLC (3.70±0.15 ng/ml) compared to the healthy group (1.92±0.10 ng/ml), also with P≤0.01. Additionally, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in both NSCLC and SCLC groups compared to the healthy group.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the levels of PD-L1, MMP-9, CYFRA21-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 are significantly increased in patients with lung cancer, and these biomarkers can probably be used to predict lung cancer and its clinical stages. |
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| Keywords: Small Cell Lung Cancer, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, Lung Cancer, TNF-α. |
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Oncology
Received: 2024/05/17 | Accepted: 2024/08/10
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