BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Incidence of skin malignancy is increasing recently and includes 11% of all human malignancies. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a primary malignant epithelial with slow expansion and invasive status. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) constitutes about 20% of all skin tumors is originated from surface epithelial dysplasia. This study aim to report a case of SCC of the scalp in a patient with history of BCC with frequent relapses.

CASE REPORT: The patient is a 75-year old man with a history of diabetes for 15 years, smoking and alcohol use for a long time, who suffered from BCC in the last 20 years and underwent surgery twice due to relapse of the lesion. Since last year, 2-3 cm injuries and endophytic appearance with mired center and prominent and irregular margins near leukoplakia areas were created in the same BCC spot. The results of histopathology confirmed Squamous cell carcinoma.

CONCLUSION: Since a high percentage of patients with a history of non-melanoma tumor will suffer from other non-melanoma tumors in the next 5 years, timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment and regular follow-up can reduce the chance of disability, metastasis and death significantly. Therefore, informing these patients for appropriate treatment and follow-up to prevent relapse can help to increase their life span.