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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Ovulation disorders are a common cause of infertility in women. A common cause of anovulation is polycystic ovarian syndrome. Anti-estrogens agents such as clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen citrate are used as first line treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. About 25% of patients may resistant to clomiphene. The aim of this study was to compare the rates of ovulation and pregnancy between tamoxifen citrate and clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovary patients.
METHODS: This randomized controlled trial study was performed on 150 polycystic ovary syndrome patients referred to Fatemeh Zahra infertile center and Mehregan hospital in Babol, Iran during 2005 and 2006. Patients randomly divided into two groups and stimulation with clomiphene and tamoxifen on cycle days 2-6 was done. On first cycle, patients were treated with clomiphene (100 mg) and tamoxifen (40 mg) and on the next cycle because of no ovulation or pregnancy patients underwent clomiphene (150mg) and tamoxifen (60mg). Ovulation and pregnancy rates were compared in two groups.
FINDINGS: The rate of ovulation in the tamoxifen 40 mg (TMX) group was 41 of 75 (54.7%) and in the clomiphene citrate 100 mg (CC) group was 40 of 75 (53.3%). The rate of ovulation in the TMX group (60mg) was 60 of 73 (82.2%) and in the CC (150mg) was 44 of 70 (62.9%) (p=0.014). There were 5 pregnancies in the TMX group (6.7%) and 10 pregnancies in the CC group (13.3%) that there was not significant difference between two groups.
CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, for increasing ovulation rate and pregnancy in polycystic ovary syndrome patients who were resistant to clomiphene, tamoxifen can be used.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common items in endocrine diseases and involved patients are at the risk of diabetes and atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The most common clinical features of PCOS are insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, non ovulation and infertility. Since obesity is the most common cause of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia, so this study was designed to evaluate the effects of weight reduction and treatment with metformin and flutamide on insulin resistance indices and hyperandrogenism and lipid serum in overweight-obese PCOS patients.
METHODS: This double blind clinical trial study was performed on 40 overweight-obese women with PCOS. After a one month diet, according to a control trial double blind design, the patients were randomly allocated to treatment with placebo, metformin (500mg/TDS) and flutamide (250 mg/BID) for the following 6 months while continuing hypocaloric dieting. At baseline and at the end of the study anthropometric parameters, hirsutism and menses, sex hormones, SHBG, lipid and insulin sensitivity determinations were measured and compared in two groups.
FINDINGS: Metformin (12.2±6.07 kg) has a significant effect in decreasing body weight (p=0.000), BMI (p=0.000), waist circumference (p=0.000) and hip circumference (p=0.000) and hirsutism (p=0.000), total testosterone (p=0.032). Flutamide (6.5±5.1 kg) has effectively decreased body weight (p=0.000), BMI (p=0.000), waist circumference (p=0.000) and waist/hip circumference (p=0.005) and hirsutism (p=0.000), total testosterone
(p =0.024), cholesterol (p=0.011) and LDL levels (p=0.013).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that safe drugs such as metformin and flutamide reduced in anthropometric indices and hirsutism. Metformin has been more effective in reducing weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference rather than flutamide.

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ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The study of medical science on the basis of Quranic teachings is considerable. For Qur`an as the great divine miracle present some aspect of modern science 14 century ago that it is discovered only on the basis of developed technological equipment. This aspect t of Quran display that Quran is divine revelation as it is beyond the ability of mankind to present such knowledge without any technological equipment.
METHODS: This study deals with the creation of human being and the growth and development of embryo on the basis of interpretive sources, Nahjolbalageh, narrations and biological sources as well.
FINDINGS: Almighty Lord stated the creation and development of the embryo in Al-Room, Al-Momenoon, Al-Ghafer Surahs that God has certainly created man of an extract of clay, then we made him a small seed in a firm resting-place, then we made the seed a clot, then we made the clot a lump of flesh, then we made (in) the lump of flesh bones, then we clothed the bones with flesh, then we caused it to grow into another creation and he is who created you from dust, then from a small life germ, then from a clot, then he brings you forth as a child, then that you may attain your maturity.
CONCLUSION: The conclusion reached by this study is that all process of the creation of embryo and its growth is a divine miracle and it demonstrates for us the majesty and the endless power of God. If we, human being contemplate on our origin then it could serve him/her in purifying his/her heart and increasing the honesty of human being.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although hyperprolactinemia in women with menstrual dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries can rule out the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO), but hyperprolactinemia in women with PCO is common. Chronic ovulatory disorders are common complications of PCOS and hyperprolactinemia. Despite advances in the management and treatment of both problems, there has not been a clear relationship between them. The purpose of this study was to determine serum prolactin levels in patients with PCO.
METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, serum prolactin of 120 women aged 18-40 years with PCO who presented to Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center in the years 2009 to 2013 was investigated. Patients with pituitary adenoma, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, endometriosis, tranquilizer, cashing syndrome and using medicine which affect prolactin were excluded. Prolactin value < 25 ng/ml considered normal.
FINDINGS: Mean serum prolactin levels in patients were 21.89±13.57 with ranges of 3.2-72 ng ml. Twenty two (18.3%) patients had prolactin levels above 32 ng ml that was noticeable. Pearson regression test showed a weak positive correlation between prolactin level and infertility duration.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that prolactin level is higher than normal value in PCOS women

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intracellular magnesium is a cofactor for several enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of magnesium as an effective and an underlying factor in disrupted glucose metabolism among pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

METHODS: This cross-sectional was conducted among 24-32 weeks pregnant women admitted to gynecology clinic of Ayatollah Rohani Hospital in Babol. Patients were divided into four groups: healthy pregnant women, pregnant women with high-risk gestational diabetes, pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnant women with overt diabetes. The demographic information was gathered using a questionnaire and the serum level, magnesium RBC and the fasting blood sugar were measured by laboratory methods and were compared between the four groups.

FINDINGS: 399 patients with mean age of 26.53±5.54 participated in this study. Overall, mean serum magnesium level was 1.71±0.12 mg/dL and magnesium level in RBC was 4.88±0.29 mg/dL. The mean serum magnesium level was 1.73±0.10 in healthy pregnant women, 1.73±0.12 in pregnant women with high-risk gestational diabetes, 1.71±0.13 in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 1.64±0.15 in pregnant women with overt diabetes and there was a significant difference between the four groups (p=0.001). The result regarding RBC magnesium level was found to be 5.12±0.18, 4.81±0.23, 4.77±0.24 and 4.66±0.38 in healthy pregnant women, pregnant women with high-risk gestational diabetes, pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnant women with overt diabetes, respectively, which was significant (p=0.001). Serum level and RBC magnesium in diabetic women was less than non-diabetic women.

CONCLUSION: Results of the study demonstrated that magnesium could be an effective and an underlying factor in identification of disrupted glucose metabolism in pregnant women.

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