1 1561-4107 Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences 2614 Biochemical Anti-nociceptive effects of the aqueous extracts of Portulaca Oleracea seeds in mice Miladi Gorgi H Rashidi Pour A Ghorbani R 1 7 2005 7 3 7 11 31 05 2014 Background and objective: Portulaca oleracea (PO) overgrows in the different parts of Iran, that is used there as both a salad green and a medicinal plant. In previous studies, a 10% ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts (Leaf and stem) of PO showed anti-nociceptive activity in mice and rats. This study was designed to evaluate anti-nociceptive effects of different doses of the aqueous decoction extracts of PO (Seed). Methods: In this study, 65 male mice (25-30 gr) in model tail flick were used. Different doses of the extract 25, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg (IP) were injected to the separated groups of four (Test group) and water (10 ml/kg-IP) was injected to the one control group. The anti-nociceptive effect was determined 15 and 30 min after injection (N=15 mice for pilot study). Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between two groups (P<0.05), but the animals of test groups did not show significant difference in different doses and time. Conclusion: It is concluded that the aqueous extract of PO has anti-nociceptive activity, which is not related to dose and time.
2615 Biochemical The effects of Carbon Monoxide of air pollution on fetus and changes in umbilical cord pathology Noori K Ziaei S Kazem Nejad A 1 7 2005 7 3 12 19 31 05 2014 Background and objective: Nowadays, air pollution is a very serious problem that affects everyone especially old people, pregnant women and their fetuses, infants and all high-risk patients. This study was done to survey the effects of carbon monoxide of air pollution on fetus and changes in umbilical cord pathology. Methods: In this historical cohort study, the effect of carbon monoxide of air pollution on fetus and umbilical cord was studied in Mahdieh hospital in Tehran (Case group) and Fayazbakhsh hospital in Karaj (Control group) in 2001-02. We compared case group born to mothers who were exposed to outdoor air pollution during pregnancy (N=32), and the control group born to the mothers who were not routinely exposed to air pollution (N=32). Two groups were similar in maternal age, gestational age, gravida and family income. Carbon monoxide, carboxyhemoglonin, birth weight and umbilical disorders were compared in two groups and the relationship between carbon monoxide with these variables was evaluated. Findings: Carbon monoxide levels were 16.69 ppm in case group and 2.68 ppm in control group (P<0.001) and carboxyhemoglobin levels in fetus was 11.21% in case group and 1.58% in control group (P<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin (R=0.87) (P<0.001). In the case group, birth weight was decreased. Also, a significant negative correlation observed between carbon monoxide and weight (R=-0.53) (P<0.001) and between carboxyhemoglobin and weight (R=0.66). Conclusion: Ambient carbon monoxide increases carboxyhemoglobin level and, it can affect on birth weight. 2616 Biochemical A survey on vascular α-Adrenoceptors changes in rabbit knee joint due to joint chronic inflammation Niazmand S Najafi Pour H 1 7 2005 7 3 20 26 31 05 2014 Background and objective: The joint vascular α-Adrenoceptors change due to acute inflammation from a majority of α-2 to an equality of α-1 and α-2 receptors. This study was done to investigate the role of sympathetic nerves in nerve induced vasoconstriction and changes in joint vascular adrenoceptors due to chronic inflammation. Methods: In 21 NZW rabbits, knee joint chronic inflammation was induced by antigen induced arthritis (AIA) method. In experiment day, animals were anesthetized and the carotid artery was cannulated to record blood pressure and jugular vein for injection the anesthetic drugs. The medial belly of gastrocnemius muscle was removed to get access to posterior knee joint capsule and the blood flow was measured by laser flowmetry. Findings: Electrical stimulation of PAN resulted in 25.6±5.6 percent reduction of blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry technique. The half of this response was blocked by prazosine (α1-agonists) and the other half by youhimbin (α2-agonists) to 11.8±4.1 and 10.9±12.4 percent reduction, respectively but phentolamine completely blocked the constrictor response and reversed it to vasodilation (2.5±2.1%). Close intra-arterial injection of different doses of α-agonists reduced the joint blood flow by the potency rank order of adrenaline>clonidine=phenylepherine, suggesting a balance between α1 and α2 adrenoceptors. In previous studies, in normal and acutely inflamed knee joint, stimulation of PAN resulted in 36.5±4 and 9.9±2.25 percent reduction of blood flow, respectively that indicated acute inflammation reduces the role of sympathetic nerves in the regulation of knee joint blood flow. Conclusion: Overall this study showed a balance between α-adrenoceptor subtypes in the chronically inflamed knee joint blood vessels and compared to results of our pervious investigation on acutely inflamed of rabbit knee joint. The sympathetic vasoconstrictor response was mostly recovered without more alteration in α-adrenoceptor subtypes that happened in acute inflammation. 2617 Biochemical Cerebral vasculogenesis in rat newborns Nik Ravesh MR Jalali M 1 7 2005 7 3 27 33 31 05 2014 Background and objective: Vascularization of the developing vertebrate brain occurs exclusively via angiogenesis and formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature capillaries originating in the cortical brain perineural vascular plexus. In this study, vasculogenesis in cerebral cortex of rat newborns was investigated. Methods: Newborns wistar rat (Among 5-15 days after birth) were used. After fixation, the brain of all specimens was processed, serially sectioned and vasculogenesis process by using morphometrical methods and histological studies were carried out. The brain blood volume density was measured and after that data were analyzed. Findings: Our finings revealed that in the first phase of vasculogenesis, endothelial cells formed uncanalized buds, which grew out from the boy of a principal artery (PA) and extended to same bud in other blood vessel. Later, primitive vascular lumen developed to a sufficient size to allow for the circulation of blood cells. These processes increased continuously until 8 post-natal days. Conclusion: These data suggested that in the vasculogenesis of cerebral cortex, there are two steps. In the first phase, there is a migration and translocation endothelial cell during vascular bud forming and lead to cellular cords and in the second phase, the primary vascular cords change to vascular endothelial cell chaining and occurring a canalization process among them for blood circulation. 2618 Biochemical The effect of Phenytoin on retention and retrieval of memory in mice Arzi A, Rahmat H 1 7 2005 7 3 34 39 31 05 2014 Background and objective: Phenytoin (DPH) is widely used as prophylactic in partial and generalized epilepsy and also in the treatment of status epilepticus. Since long-term use of phenytoin may affect nervous system function, this study was done to determine the effect of phenytion on retention and retrieval of memory in mice. Methods: In this study, using the passive avoidance apparatus, the effect of acute and chronic DPH (IP) on memory of male and female mice were randomly investigated. The effect of acute and chronic doses of DPH on memory was determined by comparison between complete stepped down time of animals receiving DPH and blank group (Receiving 30% propylenglycol) and control group (Untreated). Findings: The results of this study showed impairment in memory retention by 125 mg/kg acute dosage of DPH, although it did not change memory retrieval. Also, 50 and 75 mg/kg acute dosage of DPH (for 21 consecutive days) impair memory. Conclusion: Results obtained from recent study showed acute and chronic administration of phenytoin impair memory in mice. 2619 Biochemical Investigation of the pregnancy rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in patients with obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia Mehr Afza M Tavakol Nia R Dasht Dar H Farzi F Oudi M Hosseini A 1 7 2005 7 3 40 45 31 05 2014 Background and objective: In 10-20% of men with abnormal semen, azoosperima, the absence of sperm in ejaculation is common. Up to now, there has been no chance of pregnancy for couples in which the male partner had permanent azoospermia except by the use of donor insemination treatment but intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has initiated a new era for azoospermic patients. The present study assessed the outcome of 50 consecutive ICSI cycles with spermatozoa surgically retrieved from azoospermic patients. Methods: In a male infertility center, 50 ICSI using precutaneouse epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) or testicular sperm extraction (TESE) was carried out in 30 obstructive and 20 non-obstructive azoospermic patients, respectively. Fertilization and pregnancy rates were compared in two groups. Findings: One hundred and seventy two and 116 MII oocyte were injected with motile or shaking sperm, which 69.2% and 64.6% were fertilized in obstructive and non-obstructive group, respectively. The clinical pregnancy rate were 23.3% and 25% in obstructive and non-obstructive group, respectively. The ongoing pregnancy rates were similar in two groups (20%). Conclusion: It seems that by using ICSI with a new sperm retrieval technique, the azoospermic patients could be potentially fertile. 2620 Biochemical Comparison of clinical presentations, wet smear, Papanicolaou smear with Dorset’s culture for diagnosis of Trichomonas Vaginalis in doubtful women to Trichomoniasis Sharbat Daran M Shefaei SH Samiei H Haji Ahmadi M Ramezan Pour R Mersadi N Behrad A 1 7 2005 7 3 46 49 31 05 2014 Background and objective: Trichomoniasis is an infection of women urogenital tract that is transferred almost in all cases by sexual contact. This study was done to compare clinical presentations of trichomoniasis and several different paraclinical methods to determine simplest and most efficient method in doubtful patients to trichomonas infection in order to treat infected women and prevent from immethodical use of antibiotics and creation resistant strains. Methods: One hundred and fifty fertile women (15-50 years aged) that attended in gynecological clinics and had clinical pictures of trichomoniasis were studied to assess for the presence of trichomonas vaginalis by history, wet mount, papanicolaou smear and dorset’s culture. Then data were analyzed. Findings: In 150 doubtful patients to trichomoniasis, average of age was 30.56 years. The most common symptoms were frequent pain with sexual intercourse and itching in genital area after persistent, malodor, frothy and yellow vaginal discharge. The most common sign in pelvic examination were frothy, yellowish discharge accompanied by cervical erosion. In 28 patients (18.67%) wet smear, pap smear and culture were positive simultaneously, papanicolaou smear was positive only in 38 patients. Conclusion: Wet smear is most sensitive and specified for diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis in doubtful female patients to trichomoniasis, and because of over diagnosing according to clinical manifestation, a confirmatory test should be performed before initiating therapy. 2621 Biochemical Comparison of recovery duration of Propofol and Thiopental Sodium in ECT Ale Reza H Alijan Pour E Rabiei M Amri P Elmi SM Kheir Khah F 1 7 2005 7 3 50 54 31 05 2014 Background and objective: Thiopental sodium is not and ideal intravenous drug for inducing general anesthesia and compared to intravenous anesthetic drugs like propofol has a long standing recovery time. The aim of this study was to compare the recovery duration of propofol and thiopental sodium in ECT (Electroconvulsive therapy). Methods: In a clinical trial, 70 patients aged between 15-40 years old in ASA class I & II were selected for ECT. They were randomly divided into two groups of 35 patients. After patient monitoring, 2-3 mg/kg thiopental sodium or 1-1.5 mg/kg propofol (Randomly in each patient) and then 0.5 mg/kg succinylcholine were administered. Patients were ventilated with mask and oxygen (100%). After ECT, seizure and recovery durations were recorded. During these procedures, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before and after anesthetic induction and 1 and 5 min after ECT. Findings: Mean recovery duration of propofol and thiopental sodium were 5.49±2.57 min and 6.4±3.69 min, respectively (P=0.233). Also, seizure duration of propofol and thiopental sodium were 32.06±13.78 sec and 35.06±10.08 sec (P=0.302). Hemodynamic changes (Systolic blood pressure) in two groups were not significant except at 1 minute after seizure (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, there was not a significant difference between two groups in seizure and recovery duration. But propofol can prevent increasing hemodynamic response to ECT better than thiopental sodium. In patients with hypertension or restriction of thiopental sodium, propofol can be a suitable replacement. 2622 Biochemical Risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, Babol, 2000-02 Ahmadi Ahangar A Sanaat A Saghebi R 1 7 2005 7 3 55 60 31 05 2014 Background and objective: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) or stroke is the third cause of mortality and morbidity after CHD and cancer. Incidence of stroke has been decreasing because of identification and prevention of its risk factors. It is important to know the distribution of its risk factors because most of them are preventable and curable. Methods: This study was performed on 250 patients with diagnosis of CVD by neurologists and were hospitalized in Babol Yahyanejad hospital from autumn 2000-02. The type of stroke was defined by brain CT scan. The information including age, gender, blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol, history of IHD or CVD and smoking were gathered from the files and analyzed by Chi-square test and (P<0.05) was considered significant. Findings: Stroke happened more in people aged 65 to 74 years (42.4%) and in women (52%). Hypertension as the most common risk factor significantly differed from the others (P=0.000). The second and third risk factors were IHD and diabetes, respectively. Also the hemorrhagic type was significantly higher than ischemic type and lead to more death cases. Conclusion: It is recommended to do a screening program for detection and treatment of asymptomatic hypertension and also further studies on high prevalence of stroke in women and determining the cause of IHD being the second risk factor rather than diabetes in this region. 2623 Biochemical Effect of breast self-examination (BSE) education on increasing women’s knowledge and practice, Ramsar Karimi, H Sam Sh 1 7 2005 7 3 61 68 31 05 2014 Background and objective: The goal of breast cancer screening (BSC) is early detection. Among all diagnostic strategies, BSE is an easy, without any side effects, accessible and less expensive way for women to detect breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of BSE education on increasing knowledge and practice of women. Methods: This study was performed on 149 women referred to health center of Ramsar during three consecutive months. Their knowledge and practice about BSE were examined by questionnaire and practical exam, respectively. They were educated with pamphlet, molage poster and practical ways of BSE and after 3 months they passed post-test. Finings: Results of statistic analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the rate of knowledge and practice before and after education (P<0.0001). In pre-education, 30.8% of people had good knowledge and after education this rate increased to 89.9%. The rate of appropriate practice in pre-education was 13.5% and after education this rate increased to 70.4%. There was a significant relationship between age and educational level of women and their knowledge and practice about BSE (P<0.0001) (P=0.003). Conclusion: According to the effects of education on increasing women’s knowledge and practice, it is recommended an educational program about BSE to be designed for all women in any age groups and for women’s health promotion from puberty to post-menopause, more attention must be paid to education and follow up. 2624 Biochemical The measurement of Digoxin serum level (DSL) in patients with heart disease and its relation with age Salehi Omran MT Khosoosi Niaki MR Hashemi SA Saberian F 1 7 2005 7 3 69 72 31 05 2014 Background and objective: With regard to the extensive use of digoxin in patients with heart disease and its high prevalence of toxicity, this study was done to measure the digoxin serum level (DSL) in patients with or without symptoms of poisoning and determine its relation with age. Methods: This study was performed on 441 patients who used digoxin in Babol Shahid Beheshti hospital in 1999-2003. Digoxin has been used for a long time by these patients and the cause of hospitalization was symptoms related to digoxin and primary disease. DSL was measured after history taking and information about the presence of poisoning symptoms. Finding: From 441 patients, 63 cases were toxic and 378 cases were non-toxic. Among 63 toxic cases, DSL in 27 cases was more than 2 ng/dl in serum that 82% of them were under 70 years old and DSL in 36 cases was less than 2 ng/dl in serum that 95% of them were over 70 years. From 378 non-toxic cases, 42 cases (11%) were over 70 years that DSL in all of them was less than 2 ng/dl and 336 (89%) were under 70 years that DSL in 3 (4%) and 323 (96%) was more and less than 2 ng/dl, respectively. Conclusion: Although, the most DSL in non-toxic patients was more than 2 ng/dl but DSL less than 2 ng/dl can also cause digoxin toxicity (Especially in patients more than 70 years). 2625 Biochemical The epidemiological study of cancer in hospitals of Babol Medical University, 1990-2002 Shafigh E Siadati S Shefaei SH 1 7 2005 7 3 73 78 31 05 2014 Background and objective: Cancer is a major medical problem and one of the most causes of death. Considering the young population of Iran and the high rate of malignancies, cancer registry is necessary in order to plan strategies to control and detection of cancer. Methods: This study was done on all pathological reports in Shahid Beheshti and Yahyanejad hospitals in Babol during 1990 to 2002. Sex, age and affected organs were determined and the repeated cases were excluded. Then they were categorized in two age groups 15-50 years and over 50 years. Data were analyzed by SPSS and using T-test and (P<0.05) was considered significant. Findings: After removing pediatric cancers, there were 3746 cases. The mean age for all cancer cases was 57.43±8.99 year, for men was 60.12±8.89 and for women was 53.42±9.13 year. Females were more than males in first group and vice-versa in second group that were statistically significant. In both sexes, the most frequency was in 7th decade. There were 2245 cases in males with the three most common cancers being: Stomach (23.69%), esophagus (9.75%) and skin (9.3%) and 1501 cases observed in females with the three most common cancers being: Esophagus (12.99%), breast (12.45%) and stomach (12.25%). Conclusion: Since gastric cancer in males and esophageal cancer in females were the most frequent malignancies in this study and it seems that there is a relationship between these cancers and dietary, environmental and infective agents, further epidemiological research is needed to establish screening programs, early detection and better treatment. 2626 Biochemical Evaluation of need for mechanical ventilation in children hospitalized in PICU Nakhjavani N 1 7 2005 7 3 79 84 31 05 2014 Background and objective: Patients who developed acute respiratory failure due to different primary diseases are candidate to use mechanical ventilation. The outcome of critically ill child depends on how fast and carefully will be managed in PICU (Pediatric intensive care unit). The purpose of this study was to determine the diseases need for mechanical ventilation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 674 children who were admitted in PICU of Amirkola children hospital during 1999 to 2003. The information were gathered by questionnaires and diseases were classified according to ICD-10. Data were analyzed by statistical correlation, Chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Findings: From 674 children who were admitted in PICU, 150 (22.2%) patients were on mechanical ventilation that 72% of them were under 5 years. The most common type of disease, which needs ventilator was neurologic disease (24%). There was a significant relationship between classification of diseases and outcome (P=0.004). There was a significant relationship between length of admission and outcome (P=0.000). Fifty-six percent of patients died. Conclusion: Since the number of children who required mechanical ventilation was high in under 5 years of age and the most need for mechanical ventilation was neurologic diseases in our PICU, we must have more attention in early diagnosis and treatment of these patients. 2627 Biochemical Assessment of referral system in health care delivery center of Paeengatab, Babol, 2003 Hosseini SR Dadash Pour M Mesbah N Hajian K Haji Ahmadi M Sajadi P Amoue A 1 7 2005 7 3 85 90 31 05 2014 Background and objective: Since equal distribution of health services is impossible in different levels of health network, small centers should refer patients to upper level for special services and if it doesn’t be according to referral system, causes crowding and insufficiency of health services in upper levels and leads to uselessness of medical services in small centers. This study was done to assess the function of referral system in Babol health care delivery network. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Paeengatab health center during autumn 2003. All referred patients to upper levels were included in this study. Data was collected by interviewing with patients and referral forms and then were analyzed. Findings: From 445 forms, 200 had complete data. Most referred patients were female (73%) and were at the age of 20-29 (42%). Most people (58.2%) were referred for paraclinical services (Sonography and laboratory) and the most referred cases were the patients with gynecological and obstetric disorders (18.6%). Shahid Beheshti, Yahyanejad and Amirkola hospitals accepted the most referred patients, respectively. The feedback rate from hospital to health centers was zero. Conclusion: Referral system is only being performed as one way from health centers to hospitals and there is no feedback, since, gynecological and obstetric disorders make the largest number of referred patients, it is necessary to increase health and treatment services in rural health centers in order to decrease the number of patients who referred to hospitals. 2628 Biochemical Treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of Tibia by free vascularized Fibula graft: Case series Khakzad M , Maghari A Seyyed Foroutan K Bahrami M 1 7 2005 7 3 91 95 31 05 2014 Background and objective: The congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia (CPT) is a rare congenital malformation with unknown etiology. Several methods of surgery were used for therapy of this abnormality that often is associated with failure of treatment or amputation. The purpose of this study was to assess the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia by free vascularized fibula transfer. Cases: This study was performed on 11 cases (Mean age=4.5 years) with congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia who referred to Hazrat Fatemeh, Akhtar and Mostafa Khomeini hospitals in Tehran during 10 years. From all, five cases had been already operated with different orthopedic methods that associated with unsuccessful results. All patients treated with free vascularized fibula graft. Anti-coagulant agent was administered to patients for one week to prevent thrombosis after surgery. All patients were followed up and no failure of therapy was found. Conclusion: With regard to good outcome of therapy of this congenital disorder with free vascularized fibula graft, it is recommended using this method of surgery for therapy of this congenital abnormality. 2629 Biochemical A case of blindness after hemorrhage from uterine rupture Aali B.Sh 1 7 2005 7 3 96 99 31 05 2014 Background and objective: Blindness arising from ischemic optic neuropathy is a rare cause of massive exsanguinating hemorrhage. It can be occurred as a transient or permanent, unilateral or bilateral complication. Its occurrence is rare in obstetric hemorrhage. In this case study, we present a case of blindness after hemorrhage from uterine rupture. Case: A 30-year old primigravida woman was brought to the hospital with signs of hypovolemic shock after a precipitated delivery. Based on the clinical diagnosis of uterine rupture hysterectomy was performed for the patient. In addition to acute tubular necrosis the patient developed blindness on 6th day of admission. Clinical diagnosis of ischemic optic neuropathy was done. Three days later she recovered spontaneously and left the hospital. Conclusion: Although loss of vision rarely occurs after obstetric hemorrhage, regarding their tragic consequences particularly in permanent cases, it is wise to prevent these complications by correction of anemia before delivery and immediate transfusion after hemorrhage.