Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
16
8
2014
8
1
The Effect of Voiding Position on Uroflowmetric Parameters in Patients Who Candidate for Uroflowmetry with Lower Urinary Track Symptoms
7
12
FA
K.
Tavakkoli Tabassi (MD)
Y
R.
Taghavi Razavizadeh (MD)
N
F.
Ghanei Motlagh (MD)
N
Sh.
Mohammadi (PhD)
N
10.18869/acadpub.jbums.16.8.7
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive, fast and suitable procedure for screening of voiding dysfunction and bladder function. Since position of voiding affect uroflowmetry parameters, so the aim of this study was to detect the best of voiding position to decrease of bladder pressure in patients with lower urinary tract signs. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 63 patients (range 18-60 years) with lower urinary tract signs consist of frequency, urgency, hesitancy and nocturia included 44 man and 19 women were enrolled. Patients with urinary infection and patients who could not void in any positions were excluded in this study. Uroflowmetry study was done for each subject in comparison with urinary normal curve in three positions: crouching, sitting and standing for men and two positions: crouching and sitting for women and then compared. FINDINGS: The mean Qmax just in standing position (15.55±6.47) for men was lower than crouching position (16.64±8.28) and sitting position (17.67± 8.08) (p< 0.018).The mean hesitancy just in women in crouching was less than sitting position (14.41±3.68 vs. 15.72±5.9) (p< 0.008). Voiding residue just in standing position for men was significantly higher than two other positions (p< 0.001). In two genders, voided volume and mean Qmax did not seem to be affected by voiding position. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the best voiding position in patients with lower urinary tract and urethra stenosis were sitting and crouching positions.
Uroflowmetry, Voiding position, Post voiding residue
http://jbums.org/article-1-4896-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-4896-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
16
8
2014
8
1
Surrogate Motherhood as an Assisted Reproductive Technique in Iran: Commercial or Altruistic?
13
18
FA
M.
Ganjalikhani (MD)
Y
K.
Aramesh (MD)
N
M.
Babaei (MD)
N
10.18869/acadpub.jbums.16.8.13
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Surrogacy motherhood as a reproductive technique has helped many infertile couples during recent years. Currently, this technique is growing in Iran, but little evidence exists about the position of this technique in medical ethics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ethics of surrogate motherhood in Iran. METHODS: Data was collected through the literature review and interviews with experts. Electronic databases such as Iranmedex, Scopus, Sciencedirect and PubMed were searched. Interview was done with 7 experienced and practiced people from May to July 2012. FINDINGS: In terms of ethics, surrogacy particularly commercial surrogacy has considered as a controversial challenge. Commercial surrogacy is known as an unethical method. CONCLUSION: Commercial surrogate mother conflicts with medical ethics. This is due to exploitation. Since surrogacy is growing in Iran, it seems necessary to substitute commercial with altruistic surrogacy. Surrogate mother support is possible when legislation exits.
Reproductive technique, Surrogate mother, Commercial, Altruistic.
http://jbums.org/article-1-4897-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-4897-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
16
8
2014
8
1
The Role of Social Capital and Altruism in Prediction of Medical Doctors\' Attitudes to Organ Donation
19
25
FA
L.
Khani(MA)
Y
M.
Ghaffari (MA)
N
S.
Hashemian Far (PhD)
N
10.18869/acadpub.jbums.16.8.19
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Social capital and altruism are the most effective factors on cultural growth of society and it can be basic role for expanding of organ donation culture and help to increase society health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social capital and altruism in prediction of medical doctors' attitudes to organ donation. METHODS: This correlational and descriptive study was performed on 300 medical doctors working at medical university in West Azerbaijan province in 2013 who were selected by cluster-random sampling. Onyx and Bullen social capital scale (score range between 35 and 140), Rossi and et al altruism scale (score range between 0 and 40) and Tihana and et al organ donation attitude questionnaire (score range between 0 and 56) have been used for data collection. FINDINGS: The results of this study indicated that there was a positive relationship between medical doctors' attitudes to organ donation with altruism (R=0.228), subscale structure (R=0.521), subscale cognitive (R=0.591) and subscale relationship (R=0.550) of social capital that was significant (p< 0.05). The results of multi-variable correlation coefficient with Enter method indicated subscale of social capital has role on explaining organ donation attitude in medical doctors (R=0.457). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that the rate of social capital and altruism is the strong factors of medical doctors' attitudes to organ donation. So enhancing social capital and altruism is necessary in people
Social Capital, Altruism, Medical doctors\' attitudes, Organ donation
http://jbums.org/article-1-4898-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-4898-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
16
8
2014
8
1
Effect of Increasing the Discharge Bilirubin Level on Readmission Rate in Hyperbilirubinemic Neonates
26
32
FA
M.
Ahmadpour-Kacho (MD)
Y
Y.
Zahed Pasha (MD)
N
J.
Dehghan (BSc)
N
A.
Mazlomi (BSc)
N
10.18869/acadpub.jbums.16.8.26
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Jaundice is the most common cause of neonatal readmission. In Amirkola children's hospital, discharge of term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia is done after phototherapy when the total bilirubin level decreases to less than 10 mg/dl. In order to decrease the hospital stay, we increased the discharge bilirubin level from 10 mg/dl to 12 mg/dl and then assessed the effect of this measure on readmission rate. METHODS: In a cohort study in the neonatal ward at Amirkola children's hospital during the December 2012- June 2013, all term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia with good general condition after phototherapy were discharged when their total serum bilirubin was decreased to less than 10 mg/dl. To decrease the length of hospital stay, in another comparable group the serum bilirubin was increased to12 mg/dl. The readmission rate and also the serum bilirubin level 48 hours after discharge were compared between the two groups. FINDINGS: Two hundred and fifty-eight neonates were studied. Serum bilirubin level 48 hours after discharge was 10.46±1.54 mg/dl vs. 11.75±1.78 mg/dl (p< 0.001) and the readmission rate was 2 (1.4%) vs. 9 (8%) (p=0.002) in the group who discharged with bilirubin less than 10 mg/dl and less than 12 mg/dl respectively. Neonates who discharged with a bilirubin less than 12 mg/dl had 6.2 times higher chance of rehospitalization in comparison with neonates discharged with a bilirubin less than 10 mg/dl. CONCLUSION: Elevating the amount of the discharge bilirubin level from 10 mg/dl to 12 mg/dl in hyperbilirubinemic term neonates, lead to high rate of readmission
Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal, Patient rehospitalization, Patient discharge.
http://jbums.org/article-1-4899-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-4899-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
16
8
2014
8
1
Effect of a New Mouthrinse on Remineralization of Demineralized Enamel
33
38
FA
M.
Akbari (DDS)
N
L.
Raziee (DDS)
N
M.
Taherabadi (DDS)
N
S.
Majidinia (DDS)
Y
10.18869/acadpub.jbums.16.8.33
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: If the amount of remineralization is greater than demineralization, the non-cavitated enamel lesion can be remineralized and continues its function without restorative treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new mouthrinse on enamel remineralization. METHODS: In this experimental study the crowns of thirty bovine incisors were divided into four pieces. One hundred and twenty resulting pieces were submerged in a demineralized solution (pH 4.4) for 48 hours. The enamel specimens were then assigned randomly to four groups (n=30) and stored in an incubator at 37oC for 14 days with different ways. First group was kept in artificial saliva with daily changing. The second group was kept in 0.05% sodium fluoride 1 minute per day, the third group was kept in new mouthwash (containing cesium phosphate and xylitol) 1 minute per day and the fourth group was kept in new mouthwash and 0.05% sodium fluoride 1 minute per day. The samples of the fourth group were kept in artificial saliva during the study period. Vickers microhardness measurements were made at the end of the study period and compared together. FINDINGS: Mean of microhardness of groups was: group1: 20.35±5.4 kg/mm2, group 2: 24.9±8.2 kg/mm2, group 3: 83.4±37.07 kg/mm2 and group 4: 28.4±11.3 kg/mm2. Enamel hardness was significantly different in group 3 (p< 0.001). The microhardness was similar in the other groups and was much lower than the new mouthwash group. CONCLUSION: The new mouthwash containing calcium, phosphate and xylitol significantly improved the microhardness of demineralized enamel.
Mouthrinse, Remineralization, Enamel, Calcium phosphate, Early enamel lesion
http://jbums.org/article-1-4900-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-4900-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
16
8
2014
8
1
Apoptosis following Conventional and Nano-Particles of Sodium Arsenite Treatment in Hepatocytes of Rat
39
45
FA
H.
Najafzadeh (PhD)
Y
M.
Rezaei (PhD)
N
A.
Ashrafi (PhD)
N
A.
Samimi (DVM)
N
10.18869/acadpub.jbums.16.8.39
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Arsenic, the king of poisons, is a carcinogenic metalloid and considered as an environmental toxicant. Mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species elevation and eventually apoptosis induction are some mechanisms of action and also contributed to its convenient application against some proliferative states. Since arsenic is important toxin and as a antineoplasm agent, in this study, apoptosis induction of a newly designed arsenic nanoparticles were evaluated and compared to the conventional form in order to evaluate its effect of more small size as nanoparticles on apoptosis in fresh cells. METHODS: In this experimental study, fresh hepatocytes of 30 Wistar rats (with 180-200 gram weight) was isolated by two step collagenase perfusion method and following stabilization in rotary, exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40 and 100 microM sodium arsenite nanoparticles and also conventional form for 1 hour. Groups were divided base on type and concentration of arsenite and control (normal saline) group and treatment was triple. Viability was obtained and apoptosis determined by modified comet assay and scored accordingly and compared between groups. FINDINGS: Percent of apoptotic cells was significantly increased by conventional and nano particles of sodium arsenite (p< 0.05) in comparison to control group. While apoptosis percent in score 3 was 22% in 100 microM concentration of conventional sodium arsenite it was reached to 56% by 100 microM concentration of nanoparticles of sodium arsenite. Apoptosis was clearly more prominent in hepatocytes exposed to arsenic nanoparticles. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that arsenic nanoparticles robustly induced apoptosis that can potentially make it more toxic than conventional form.
Nanoparticles, Sodium Arsenite, Hepatocytes, Rat.
http://jbums.org/article-1-4901-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-4901-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
16
8
2014
8
1
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Production Using Acid Lactic Bacteria
46
56
FA
M.
Taherzadeh (MSc)
N
A.
Esmaeili (PhD)
Y
M.
Rabbani (PhD)
N
10.18869/acadpub.jbums.16.8.46
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that can be found broadly in all organisms. GABA is synthesized by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). Therefore, GABA production depends on biochemical properties of this enzyme. GABA has several physiological functions such as hypotensive activity, insomnia, depression, as well as diuretic effects. Bacteria, fungi and yeast produce considerable amount of GABA. Among bacteria, acid lactic bacteria due to their physiological and safety properties have been considered. These bacteria are used in food industry and act as probiotics in digestive system. The aim of this study was to identify and introduce GABA producing acid lactic bacteria. METHODS: In this paper using data banks such as PubMed and Google scholar and key words such as GABA producing acid lactic bacteria, isolation sources of them, factors that affect GABA production, acid lactic bacteria glutamate decarboxylase properties, glutamate decarboxylase gene cloning and regulation of them, the potential applications of GABA producing acid lactic bacteria and strain screenings have been reviewed. FINDINGS: Data from variety of papers showed that production of GABA using acid lactic bacteria is safe and biocompatible. This may lead to GABA rich fermented products. CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that natural GABA has significant effects on human health. Therefore it seems acid lactic bacteria are the most suitable sources for GABA production.
Acid lactic bacteria, Gamma-aminobutyric acid, Fermentation, Glutamate decarboxylase.
http://jbums.org/article-1-4902-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-4902-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
16
8
2014
8
1
Toxicity Effect of Assa-Foetida L Extract on C2C12 Cells
57
62
FA
J.
Mohiti-Ardekani (PhD)
Y
S.
Abedini (MSc)
N
10.18869/acadpub.jbums.16.8.57
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Assa-Foetida L is traditionally used in treatment of different diseases including asthma, roundworm, stomach reflex, flu and nervous disease. Although some studies have done on Assa-Foetida properties, but little studies have been done on its cellular and molecular effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of polyphenols in Assa-Foetida L and its toxicity effect on C2C12 as a cell model of glucose consumer. METHODS: At first, hydroalcoholic extract of Assa-Foetida L was prepared. The polyphenols of Assa-Foetida was determined using gallic acid as a standard by Folin–Ciocalteu’s method. The toxicity of the herbal on C2C12 cells was evaluated using Tripan blue at concentration of 50-2500µg/µl for 3 hours. FINDINGS: Hydroalcoholic extract of Assa-Foetida L contain polyphenol contents. Absorbance of Assa-Foetida L increases linearly with gallic acid absorbance (R2=0.9989 vs R2=9986). Different concentrations of Assa-Foetida L extract showed that its hydro-alcoholic extract up to 200 µg/µl concentration had no toxicity effect on C2C12 and the cells were stable in treated culture of Assa Foetida after 3 hours. There was no significant difference in viability rate of cells between treated and control groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that Assa-Foetida L extract up to 200 µg/µl concentrations had no toxicity effect on these cells after 3 hours.
Assa-Foetida, C2C12 cells, Polyphenolic compounds
http://jbums.org/article-1-4903-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-4903-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
16
8
2014
8
1
The Serum Prolactin Level in Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
63
68
FA
S.
Esmaeilzadeh (MD)
N
P.
Mirabi (MSc)
Y
M.
Ghanbari Andarieh (MSc)
N
10.18869/acadpub.jbums.16.8.63
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although hyperprolactinemia in women with menstrual dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries can rule out the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO), but hyperprolactinemia in women with PCO is common. Chronic ovulatory disorders are common complications of PCOS and hyperprolactinemia. Despite advances in the management and treatment of both problems, there has not been a clear relationship between them. The purpose of this study was to determine serum prolactin levels in patients with PCO. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, serum prolactin of 120 women aged 18-40 years with PCO who presented to Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center in the years 2009 to 2013 was investigated. Patients with pituitary adenoma, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, endometriosis, tranquilizer, cashing syndrome and using medicine which affect prolactin were excluded. Prolactin value < 25 ng/ml considered normal. FINDINGS: Mean serum prolactin levels in patients were 21.89±13.57 with ranges of 3.2-72 ng ml. Twenty two (18.3%) patients had prolactin levels above 32 ng ml that was noticeable. Pearson regression test showed a weak positive correlation between prolactin level and infertility duration. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that prolactin level is higher than normal value in PCOS women
Prolactin, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Infertility
http://jbums.org/article-1-4904-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-4904-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
16
8
2014
8
1
Prevalence of Sleep Disorders among Medical Students of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran, 2013
69
74
FA
S.
Moudi (MD)
Y
M.
Saleh Ahangar
N
S.H.
Hosseini (MD)
N
S.
Khafri (PhD)
N
10.18869/acadpub.jbums.16.8.69
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Medical students are more susceptible to sleep disorders than other students. Sleep disorders can lead to academic failure and decrease in performance of students. Sleep deprivation can also produce somatic and psychologic disorders. This study was performed to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 153 medical students of Babol University of Medical Sciences. They were selected randomly. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used for data gathering and the questionnaires were filled out by the students in a self- reported manner. This questionnaire assesses the personal attitude about sleep quality in 4 weeks ago. Total score ranges from 0 to 21 and the score ≥ 6 means sleep disorder. FINDINGS: Sleep duration of medical students was 5.7±0.9 hours and 78.8% of medical students had bad quality of sleep. Sleep duration had significant relationship with the students' age (p=0.000) and their academic level (p=0.039), with increasing the age and academic level especially in clinical courses, sleep duration decreased significantly. 86.9% of students had delay in sleep onset and interrupted sleep. The abnormality of morning performance due to sleep disorder was seen in 61.8% of students. CONCLUSION: Majority of students had inappropriate sleep quality and the least sleep duration belong to interns among the medical students. The effective sleep duration in majority of medical students was less than 6 hours.
Sleep, Sleep Disorder, Medical Student.
http://jbums.org/article-1-4905-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-4905-en.pdf