2024-03-29T16:36:45+03:30 http://jbums.org/browse.php?mag_id=257&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
257-2915 2024-03-29 10.1002
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences J Babol Univ Med Sci 1561-4107 2251-7170 10.22088/jbums 2000 2 5 The nutritional status in Babolian 14-18 year old girls, 1998 P Sajjadi H Alaoddolei F Sadighian Objective: In order to achieve the ideal growth in adolescence among girls, it is necessary to take enough nutrients. Proteins, iron, calcium, B12 and zinc play an important role in growth. The objective of this study is to determine the nutritional status of high school girls in Babol. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which performed among 477 high school girls between 14-18 years of age. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire, which asked about 24-hour dietary recall. Findings: The results showed that the mean of energy intake, protein, iron and vitamin C were 1289 kCal, 36gr, 11.7mg, and 73mg respectively. Also the rate of energy, protein and vitamin C intake were 78%, 49%, 70% and 42.7% less than RDA standard. Conclusion: Findings indicate that nutritional status of high school girls was not suitable in Babol. Since high school girls are future mothers, planning at the level of family and society for promotion of their nutritional status is necessary. Highschool girls Nutritional status Energy Protein Iron 2000 7 01 7 10 http://jbums.org/article-1-2915-en.pdf
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Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences J Babol Univ Med Sci 1561-4107 2251-7170 10.22088/jbums 2000 2 5 Prevalence of microorganisms responsible for respiratory tract infections, Babol, 1997 Kh Bidjani K Aghchelli M Arshi Objective: There is no doubt that causes of respiratory tract infections in ICU are very important. These organisms are one of the most important causes of mortality in ICU. Methods: In this cross-sectional study performed on all patients admitted in ICU of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Babol in 1376 have been studied. Our exclusion criteria was hospitalization for less than 24 hours or death 48 hours after admission. We prepared two samples for smear and culture in all patients. Findings: 75% of our patients were male and 25% were female. The age range was between 10-88 years. 52.2% of these patients had negative smear and in positive samples, agents responsible for infection were enterobacter (18), pseudomonas (14), Candida albicans (7), citrobacter (3) and proteus, Klebsiella and streptococcus (1 for last tree) was reported. Conclusion: Antrobacter and psuedomona were most common causes of pulmonary infection in ICU. For better diagnosis of pneumonia in patients admitted to ICU department with other systemic problems and different clinical manifestations, clinical findings should be used in association with radiographic images. Respiratory system ICU Etiology Microorganism Pneumonia 2000 7 01 11 16 http://jbums.org/article-1-2916-en.pdf
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Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences J Babol Univ Med Sci 1561-4107 2251-7170 10.22088/jbums 2000 2 5 Stillbirth and some related factors, Babol, 1998 H Pasha M Faramarzi A Bakhtiari K Hajian Objective: Stillbirth is a pregnancy complication. Identifying the individual, familial and socio-economical characteristics of mothers who had stillbirth and collecting epidemiological data about fetal death leads to appropriate interventions, which save the life of a considerable number of fetuses. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of stillbirth and comparing the individual, familial and socio-economical characteristics of mothers who had stillbirths and live births at Babol hospitals in 1998. Methods: This is a case-control study. So all stillbirths (Cases were 74) and live births (Control were 148) born at Babol hospitals from June to December 1998 that are matched for parity, birth time and kind of hospital were selected randomly. All births in the mentioned time were collected. Findings: The incidence of stillbirth was 19.9 per 1000 births (86/4305). Mean and SEM of age were 25.47±5.2 in case group and 24.58±4.91 among controls. A history of abortion and stillbirth was two times more in cases than in controls. The frequency of abortion and number 2-year-old infants was two times more in cases. The interval between births was less than two years in case and nearly two times more in control group. Most of the cases were in low economic status (3.1% versus 21.6%) and had improper relationship with their husbands (5.4% versus 2%). There was significantly different in findings of gestational age, fetal weight, prenatal care, tetanus vaccine injection and taking iron tablets in both groups. Conclusion: Based on our findings, we can conclude that identifying mothers who are at high risk of stillbirth by studying the individual, familial and socio-economical characteristics in prenatal care, can help us to save a considerable number of fetuses. Stillbirth Fetal death Prenatal care Demographic characteristics 2000 7 01 17 21 http://jbums.org/article-1-2917-en.pdf
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Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences J Babol Univ Med Sci 1561-4107 2251-7170 10.22088/jbums 2000 2 5 E.coli induced urinary tract infections, 1997-98 S Khoddami MJ Soleimani K Hajian Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a special problem in the elderly population, both for men and women. Enterobacteriaceae and E.coli were known to be the most common cause of UTI. Methods: This study was conducted on 328 patients with UTI and pyuria (>10 leukocytes/ml) in Razi diagnostic medical laboratory in Babol during a period of 5 months. Midstream was collected for culture. Findings: Of total patients 182 were due to E.coli (13% male and 87% female) and 146 due to other uropathogenic strains (21% male and 79% female). Further analysis for UTI caused by E.coli indicated that incidence of UTI were 15%, 53%, 13% and 19% in age groups. Conclusion: E.coli remains one of the most common causes of UTI, and is more common in female, (Significantly more in young women in age group of 15-45 years). E.coli UTI Pyuria 2000 7 01 22 25 http://jbums.org/article-1-2918-en.pdf
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Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences J Babol Univ Med Sci 1561-4107 2251-7170 10.22088/jbums 2000 2 5 Audiologic findings in patients with hearing loss, Babol, 1997 K Kiakojori AH Shirzadian Objective: Most of the causes for hearing loss in human could be prevented by early diagnosis and therapy is possible. So by detecting the types of hearing loss and it’s causes we can reduce socio-economical problems due to it. This survey was done to identify audiometric parameters in patients with hearing loss and to detect the most common causes. Methods: In this survey patients referred to ear-nose and throat clinic of Babol university of medical sciences from June until May 1997 were studied. In questionnaire, patient history due to his statements and final diagnosis reached by complete examination and audiometric findings were indicated. Hearing loss in these patients was surveyed in 3 main categories (Conductive, Neuro-sensory and mixed) and causative mechanisms for hearing loss and related etiologies also severity of hearing loss were studied. Findings: Conductive hearing loss was the most common type in surveyed patients (47%) and after that in order were neuro-sensory hearing loss (34.5%) and mixed hearing loss (13.2%). Due to severity most of cases were of mild or moderate ones. Among different factors that caused hearing loss, chronic otitis media was the most common (26%) that shows its importance in causing hearing loss in our country. The second common factor was senile hearing loss (22%), which differs to some extent with results of, developed countries and may be it was because of lower average age in our country. Other common causes were serous otitis media (21.5%), sudden hearing loss (6.6%), autosclerosis (6.6%), adhesive otitis media and head trauma. Conclusion: Due to results of this survey it could be concluded that infections are the most causes for hearing loss. By doing preventive care and early therapy of these infection, we can reduce the occurrence of hearing loss. Audiology Ear Etiology Hearing loss 2000 7 01 26 30 http://jbums.org/article-1-2919-en.pdf
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Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences J Babol Univ Med Sci 1561-4107 2251-7170 10.22088/jbums 2000 2 5 A KAP study in health system employees for symptoms and prevention of menopausal adverse effects A Bakhtiari M Faramarzi H Pasha Objective: Women comprise the major portion of the aging population. Every year menopause and its associated osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease cause many economic problems, disability and mortality. Medical considerations and preventive hygiene programs can hopefully increase women life expectancy. The first step must be taken by health team members. Therefore their knowledge, attitude and their performance are very important. Methods: This study was done on 250 treatment and hygiene organization personnel using questionnaires. First variables such as age, duration of employment, educational status and their relation with each other were investigated and then knowledge, attitude, performance and personal communication were studied. Findings: Two-third of studied population did not have a good knowledge of practice. The average knowledge and practice grades were in order 7.6 of 13 and 10.9 of 18. Also, 62% had neutral and 22% negative attitude to menopause and HRT. The most common false responses were about the usefulness of HRT, it’s indications and contraindications, duration of treatment, it’s side-effects and use of natural methods instead of HRT. Also the most important finding in negative attitude was about usage of HRT and belief in preferablitey of natural methods than medical treatment for menopause and the most positive response was about follow-up observation of menopausal side-effects. The least practice was about recommendation of HRT and routine examination for screening. Statistical tests showed a significant relationship between attitude and knowledge, practice and attitude and also between educational status with major, age, job and between attitudes with age, major and job. Results: On the basis of our findings, personnel had a natural attitude about menopause and usage of HRT. They intended to a non-medical method for menopause side-effects. Lack of knowledge and neutral attitude about menopause and HRT indicates the necessity of better scheduling in this field. Menopause HRT KAP 2000 7 01 31 38 http://jbums.org/article-1-2920-en.pdf
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Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences J Babol Univ Med Sci 1561-4107 2251-7170 10.22088/jbums 2000 2 5 Frequency of enteral parasitic contamination in Babolian schools girls, 1998 F Sadighian H Alaoddolei P Sajjadi Objective: Parasitic infections are one of the most important health and economic problems in most developing countries. Parasitic infection may interfere absorption of some elements such as iron. The rate of infection among people who live in groups like in dormitories and schools is more than that in other places. Methods: This study conducted on 334 teenage girls, who selected randomly from 8 high schools, in Babol. We examined the stool samples by direct and floatation method. Findings: Prevalence of parasitic infection was 26.9% (90 cases). The prevalence of parasitic infection was 23.3% (21 cases) with worms and 76.4% (69 cases) with protozoa. The most prevalence parasitic was Giardia (16.5%) and Hymenolepis nana was the second prevalent parasitic found (2.7%). Conclusion: The comparison of the results with those of other surveys approved the highest prevalence of Giardiasis at different age groups. It is possible to reduce the incidence of enteral infections by extending the knowledge of students using educational programs and better control of food specially drinking water. Giardia Parasitic infection Hymenolepis nana Adolescent girls 2000 7 01 39 43 http://jbums.org/article-1-2921-en.pdf
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Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences J Babol Univ Med Sci 1561-4107 2251-7170 10.22088/jbums 2000 2 5 The causes of fever in children with F/C, Amirkala Pediatric Hospital, 1999 T Esmaeil Nia Objective: Febrile convulsion is one of the most frequent neurologic problems. Fever can occurred by any causes such as: Upper and lower respiratory infections, gastroenteritis (GE), urinary tract infections (UTI), viral infections (Such as: Rubella, rubeola, roseola infantum), followed by vaccination, infected abscesses and so on. In this survey, which is the first study in Babol university, we studied prevalence of causes of fever in the patients admitted with febrile convulsion and the relationship between season distribution and age with causes of fever. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we considered files of 230 patients admitted with febrile convulsion in urgency of Amirkola hospital during one year (1999). For data analysis we used chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Differences with P<0.05 between groups at each point was considered statistically significant. Findings: The most common cause of fever was upper respiratory infections. From all of 230 children, in 83 (36%) URI and in 68 (29.5%) GE were the cause of fever. In 45 (19.5%) children, it was unknown. In 20 (8.7%) children, lower respiratory infections, in 5 (2%) children roseola infantum, in 3 (1.4%) children, vaccination and in one child (0.4%) breast abscess was cause of fever. We studied prevalence of age, sex, type of convulsion, duration of seizure, history of febrile convulsion and seasons, too we found significant relationship between etiology of fever and age and various seasons. Conclusion: According to the results, upper respiratory infections and gastroenteritis were most common cause of fever in patients with febrile convulsion. Febrile convulsion is more frequent in winter and summer. It was significant percentage of unknown etiology that may cause by roseola infantum. Febrile convulsion Gastroentritis Upper respiratory infections Roseola infantum 2000 7 01 44 48 http://jbums.org/article-1-2922-en.pdf
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Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences J Babol Univ Med Sci 1561-4107 2251-7170 10.22088/jbums 2000 2 5 Microcytic anemia in Babolian 14-18 years old girls, 1998 H Alaoddolei[ F Sadighian Objective: Anemia usually indicates reduction of blood hemoglobin. Anemics commonly develop irritability, concentration and sleep impairment and disturbed daily activities. This is important for teenage girls, which may lead to learning disorders. Microcytic anemia is the most prevalent anemia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study on 480, 14-18 years old girl students of Babol selected randomly. CBC, Iron, TIBC, Ferritin test and electrophoresis was performed on blood samples. Findings: 82 subjects (17.1%) had MCV lower than 80fl (Microcytosis). Of these, 41 students (50%) showed hemoglobin defects, 9 students (11%) iron deficiency anemia, 1 subject (1.2%) RBC membrane defects and 31 students (37.8%) idiopathic microcytic anemia. Conclusion: With respect to the high incidence of minor beta-thalassemia in Babol, it is suggested that more strict measures must be taken to identify the cause of idiopathic microcytic anemia (Such as alpha-thalassemia) and to prevent iron deficiency anemia. Anemia Microcytic Iron deficiency Beta-thalassemia Adolescent 2000 7 01 49 52 http://jbums.org/article-1-2923-en.pdf
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Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences J Babol Univ Med Sci 1561-4107 2251-7170 10.22088/jbums 2000 2 5 The study on prevalence and causes of cesarean section in Babol, 1998 M Faramarzi A Bakhtiari T Nazari Objective: Cesarean section is one of the most common ways of operation that is increasingly practiced in medical centers. The mortality of this surgical approach is seven times more than that of normal delivery and its morbidity greater than normal vaginal delivery there is no information in hand concerning the incidence of cesarean operation in Babol. Therefore, knowing about factors that make c.section widely practiced will help us decrease the number of operations and thus help the ministry of health with its goals. Methods: The research has been conducted in 1998 on cesarean sections in Yahyanejad and excellency Fatemeh Zahra public Babol clinic and Valliasr the research on the causes cesarean of was accomplished on 700 cases selected randomly in day, Bahman and Esfand 350 cases in public or private centers, questionnaires were completed considering the facts in their hospital records. Public centers were and patients claims. Findings: Incidence of cesarean in 40.5% and 50% for private centers, the most important causes of performing c-section was found to be previous cesarean 30.9% (Governmental 18.3, non-governmental 12.9), cephalo pelvic dispreparation and non-progressed delivery 28% (12.1 versus 15.9) fetal distress and discharge of meconium 13.3% (8.3 versus 4) tendency of the patient 11.9% (2 versus 9.9) mal presentations 5.1% (3.1 versus 4) high risk pregnancy 4.5% (3.7 versus 0.8), tubal ligation 2.1% (1 versus 1.1). Conclusion: Incidence of cesarean is more at public hospitals than at private and difference that are found between them it is remarkably increasing in Babol than other centers. The meaningful difference of causes of c-section in public and private centers shows that all the c-section in private centers have a medically approved indication. With attention that most common causes more cesarean is primary c/s in private centers at is recommended to decrease rate of cesarean with precision and more research in primary c/s also with patience to encourage mothers to have a normal vaginal. Cesarean-section Etiology Incidence 2000 7 01 53 56 http://jbums.org/article-1-2924-en.pdf
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Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences J Babol Univ Med Sci 1561-4107 2251-7170 10.22088/jbums 2000 2 5 Enteral parasitic contamination in Babol day-care center, 1997 N Kalantari I Mobadi Objective: Intestinal parasites are widespread in most third world countries. It is more common in children, especially in day-care centers. So this study was performed to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections in Babol day-care centers. Methods: This was a descriptive study to achieve prevalence of intestinal parasites in 348 children Babol Behzisty office day-care centers were carried out, between July to Dec. 1997. Three samples of scatch and one sample from stool using formalin-ether method was collected of any child. Findings: Laboratory results indicated that (44%) of children were infected with intestinal parasites. Oxyur was the only helminth found in (33.6%) of the children. Among the pathogenic protozoa, giardia lamblia was the only parasite (11.5%) and E.coli and B.hominis of non-pathogens were detected in (4.6%) of the children. Conclusion: This study showed that prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection especially oxyur is very high in studied population. So, it is suggested that more research should be carried out to detect effective factors and reduce problems. Children Intestinal parasites Day-care center 2000 7 01 57 60 http://jbums.org/article-1-2925-en.pdf