1 1561-4107 Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences 4186 Biochemical A Comparison of Depth of Anesthesia and Hemodynamic Variables with Sodium Thiopental and Propofol as Induction Agents for Cesarean Section Rabiee, SM Alijanpour E Naziri F Alreza H Esmaeili V 1 9 2012 14 5 7 12 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: More than 30% of deliveries are carried out by cesarean section. Spinal anesthesia is the routine and safe method but, in some situations, general anesthesia is selected instead. One complication in general anesthesia for cesarean is intraoperative awareness which sometimes can lead to disabling psychological sequela. This study is designed to compare sodium thiopental and propofol as induction agents in depth of anesthesia and hemodynamic variations in mothers and APGAR score of neonates. METHODS: This double blind clinical trial was conducted on 50 full term parturients undergoing elective cesarean section. They were randomly assigned into sodium thiopental (n=25) and propofol (n=25) groups. All patients received intravenous midazolam 1.5mg and lidocaine 1mg/kg. General anesthesia was induced for the first group by sodium thiopental (5mg/kg) and the second group by propofol (2.5mg/kg) and all patients then received succinylcholine (1.5mg/kg) as muscle relaxant for facilitation of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with 50% O2 -50% N2O and 0.6% Isoflurane. Maternal BIS values (Bispecral Index System) and hemodynamic variables and also APGAR score of neonates were evaluated and recorded. FINDINGS: BIS values in different times, was similar and less than 60 (p=0.637). Maternal mean arterial pressure (p=0.630) and heart rate (p=0.623) and neonatal APGAR score in first minute (p=0.105) and fifth minute (p=0.185) were not significantly different.CONCLUSION: The effect of sodium thiopental and propofol on depth of anesthesia and hemodynamic variables of mothers as well as neonatal APGAR scores was similar and propofol can be used as an appropriate alternative for sodium thiopental in induction of anesthesia for cesarean section.
4181 Biochemical Effect of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles on Death Kinetic of Gram-Negative and Positive Bacterium Hoseinzadeh, E Samarghandi, MR Alikhani MY Asgari GH Roshanaei GH 1 9 2012 14 5 13 19 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hospital acquired infections are a major problem worldwide and controlling the spread of bacteria within a hospital is a constant challenge so this study was done to survey the effect of ZnO nanoparticles suspension on death kinetic of gram negative and gram bacteria in vitro.METHODS: In this experimental study, suspension has been prepared from commercial ZnO nanoparticles in broth medium. After preparing standard strains E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 as gram-negative bacteria and S. epidermidis PTCC 1114 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 as gram-positive bacteria, death kinetic study have been evaluated with 1 and 2 times of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and death kinetic study evaluated (at zero to 360 minute of treatment time) using first-order reaction kinetic with 0.5 McFarland standard bacterial suspension (108 cfu/ml).FINDINGS: Effect of ZnO suspension on death kinetic of bacteria showed the survival ratio of bacteria decreased with increasing ZnO concentration. With drawing logarithmic survival ratio and treatment time as ordinate and abscissa, respectively, the population of all strains decreased almost linearly. The apparent death rate constant (k) was found to increase with increasing time and ZnO concentration from 1xMIC to 2xMIC. CONCLUSION: Base on the results, E. coli population at the treatment time decrease faster than others. Also, the results showed that ZnO could be a highly effective disinfect for controlling of gram negative bacteria especially E. coli. 4174 Biochemical Effect of Hydro-Methanolic Extract of Sour Orange Flowers, Citrus Aurantium, on Pentylentetrazole Induced Seizure in Male Rats Abbasnejad, M Keramat B Esmaili Mahani, S Rezaeezade-Roukerd M 1 9 2012 14 5 20 28 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In Iranian folk medicine, Citrus aurantium flower extract is used to treat some neural diseases such as sleep disorder and anxiety. Tend to use medicinal herbs to treat diseases such as seizure, is growing. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of sour orange flowers of Citrus aurantium.METHODS: In this experimental study, 42 adult male Wistar rats (200-250g) were divided into 6 groups: control (PTZ), positive control (phenobarbital) and extract treated groups (75, 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg, i.p,). Fresh sour orange flowers were collected, methanolic extract (70%) was provided by percolator, after the evaporation of methanol, the extract was dried by oven at the 40°C. Pentylentetrazole (90 mg/kg) was used for induction of seizure. Changes in the onset time of seizure, duration of seizure, percent of mortality and percent of seizure protection were determined in different groups and compared with control (PTZ) and positive control (phenobarbital).FINDINGS: The extract (300 mg/kg), significantly reduced the latency of onset of seizure (198±8%) as compared with control (78±3%) (p<0.05), also duration of seizure significantly was reduced by the extract (300mg/kg) (430±46%) compared with control (1350±110%) (p<0.05). Percent of seizure protection significantly was increased by extract in comparison with control group the dose of 600 mg/kg (78±6%) was the most effective dose in compared to control (0%) (p< 0.05). Seizure related mortality was significantly decreased by extract (300 mg/kg) (0%) in compared to control (36%) (p<0.01).CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, it seems that hydro-methanolic extract of Citrus aurantium can be used to prevent seizures. 4178 Biochemical Effect of Vitex Agnus Castus Extraction on Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Ovariectomized Rats Honari, N Pourabolli, I Hakimizadeh E Roohbakhsh A Shamsizadeh A Vazirinejad R Rahmani, MR Rezazadeh HA Yazdian P Allahtavakoli M 1 9 2012 14 5 29 35 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Menopause is the cessation of ovarian activity and anxiety is one of its symptoms. Many studies show that anxiety is due to decreased estrogen levels after menopause. Since phytoestrogens are plant sterols that are similar to estrogen in structure and function, so the present study was done to evaluate the effect of vitex agnus castus, which has high levels of phytoestrogen on anxiety in ovariectomized rats and compare its effect with estrogen and tamoxifen.METHODS: In this experimental study thirty-five female Wistar rats (150 to 200g) were divided into five groups as following: control group, Vitex agnus castus at the dose of 80 mg/kg, Vitex agnus castus at the dose of 8 mg/kg, Estradiol valerat at the dose of 40µg/kg, and the combination of tamoxifen (100 mg/kg) and herbal extract (80mg/kg). All animals were ovariectomized by cauterizing ovaries through bilateral incisions under anesthesia. After two months, anxiety-related indices (% OAE) and (% OAT) was determined using elevated plus-maze test of anxiety for 5 minutes.FINDINGS: Compared to the control group (21.67%±3.47%), Vitex agnus castus extract at the dose of 8 mg/kg (36%±7.34%) or 80 mg/kg (48.61%±1.25) (p<0.005 and p<0.001, respectively (increased the open arm time (%OAT). The plant also increased open arm entries (%OAE) at the dose of 80 mg/kg (55.17%± 6.91% vs. 24.5%± 2.74% in control) (p<0.005(. Locomotor activities were not significantly different among groups.CONCLUSION: Based on our data, Vitex agnus castus showed estrogen-like effects on reducing anxiety-like behaviors in ovariectomized rats. 4184 Biochemical Comparison of Modified Radical Mastectomy with Breast Conservative Therapy and Radiotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer Moslemi, D Gholizadeh Pasha, A Hajian K Sum, SH Pourghasem M Jahantigh R 1 9 2012 14 5 36 41 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among females and is one of the most common causes of cancer mortality in females aged 40-44 years. There are different methods of surgical treatment for breast cancer. Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and breast conservative therapy (BCT) and radiotherapy are two methods for treatment of this disease. The present study aimed to survey loco- regional recurrence rate, metastasis, disease free survival and overall survival between modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and breast conservative therapy (BCT). METHODS: This historical cohort study was done with using extracting recorded data of 300 patients. One hundred and 200 patients were treated by BCT and MRM, respectively. Patients were followed up by visit in hospital and survival determined by phone call. Local recurrence, metastatic rates and survival were measured and compared.FINDINGS: The mean age (SD) of patients was 46.96±12.03 years and 46.79±11.21 years in BCT and MRM groups, respectively. There was not any significant difference between two groups. After two year follow up, loco regional recurrence was 4% (4 patients) in BCT group and 3% (6 patients) in MRM group, but after five year follow up, it was 8% (8 patients) in BCT group and 6% (12 patients) in MRM group. After two year follow up, mortality rate was 10% (10 patients) in BCT group and 4% (8 patients) in MRM group that there was no significant difference between two groups. Also after five year follow up, it was 16% (16 patients) in BCT group and 24% (48) in MRM group that there was no significant difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: we can recommend BCT for patients with breast cancer without any concern about increase of local recurrence and survival rate. The patients are more satisfied with BCT because of keeping their beauty, less psychological problems and better quality of life. 4176 Biochemical Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Thymbra Spicata on Blood Lipid Profile in Compared with Lovastatin in Male Rats Asadi, M Cheraghi, J Pilevariyan AA Mehrabi A Ebrahimi Vosta Kalaee S 1 9 2012 14 5 42 48 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of usual medical procedure for prevention of cardiovascular diseases is using lipid lowering agents. Despite the side effects of these drugs, finding the plants with the same effect will be useful. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of alcoholic extract of thymbra spicata with lavostatin on blood lipid profile. METHODS: In this experimental study, 50 adult male Wistar rats (330±20 gr) were used. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10. Group one, two, three, four and five were fed with normal diet, high cholesterol diet (%1 cholesterol), high-cholesterol diet with lovastatin (10 mg/kg), normal diet with alcoholic extract of thymbra spicata (100mg/kg) and high-cholesterol diet plus alcoholic extract of thymbra spicata, respectively for one month by gavage method. Cholesterol serum concentration, LDL, VLDL, TG, HDL and CHO/HDL, TG/HDL, LDL/HDL were measured and compared for each animal to determine the blood lipid profile. FINDINGS: The results of this study showed that using alcoholic extract of thymbra spicata alone (62.6±1.78) in compared to control group (71.93±1.64) caused a significant decrease in the serum level of cholesterol (p<0.001), TG (52.02±1.34 vs. 72.48±1.3) (p<0.001), LDL (6.79±1.58 vs. 16.66±1.73) (p<0.001), VLDL (10.36±1.15 vs. 14.27±0.48) (p<0.001), TG/HDL (0.98±0.04 vs. 1.74±0.1) (p<0.001), CHO/HDL (1.18±0.05 vs. 1.73±0.09) (p<0.001) and LDL/HDL (0.13±0.03 vs. 0.4±0.06) (p<0.001) while there was a significant increase in HDL level (53.8±1.52 vs. 41.61±2.61) (p<0.001). In between groups with high cholesterol diet, there was no significant difference between the groups received the extract of thymbra spicata and lovastatin. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, alcoholic extract of thymbra spicata not only improved lipid profile but also like lovastatin could lower blood lipids level. 4187 Biochemical Effect of Olive Oil in Brain Temporal Cortex Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Zamani M Katebi, M Hassanshahi, J Zamani, F Soleimani M 1 9 2012 14 5 49 55 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The use of antioxidants has been considered for the prevention and treatment of ischemic complications, particularly in the brain. Previous study showed a reduction in cell death in brain ischemia before and after treatment with antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of olive oil on Temporal cortical cell death following ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS: This study was performed on 21 adult male BALB/c mice (35-40 g). Experimental design includes three groups: intact group (n=7), ischemic control (n=7), treatment groups with olive oil (n=7). The mice treated with olive oil (180 micro liter) as pre- treatment for a week. Then, ischemia in temporal cortex lob induced by common carotid artery occlusion (for 15 minutes) and following the reduction in inflammation (a week), the mice post-treated with olive oil. Nissl staining applied to counting necrotic cells and Tunnel kit was used to quantify apoptotic cell death in temporal cortex lob.FINDINGS: There was a significant increase in cell death in temporal cortex lob in ischemic samples in compared to control group (30-35 cells increased in treatment group compared to ischemia group) (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in cell death rate in treatment group in compared to ischemia group (50-55 cells decreased in ischemia group compared to control group) (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that olive oil consumption significantly reduced cell death following ischemia reperfusion injury. 4185 Biochemical Detection of Prevalence of OXA-2 and OXA-10 Type ESBL and Class I Integron among Acinetobacter Bumanii Strains Isolated from Patients of Tabriz City (Iran) by PCR Technique Rahimzadeh, A Farajnia, S Pourbabaee, MA Ansarin, KH Zolfaghari, MR Masoudi N 1 9 2012 14 5 56 63 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acinetobacter (A.) baumannii is a gram-negative non-fermentative coccobacilli with increasing relevance in a variety of hospital-acquired infections. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bla-OXA-2 and bla-OXA-10 resistance genes and class I Integron among Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients referred to Imam Reza hospital of Tabriz city, Iran.METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 100 Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients referred to Imam Reza hospital of Tabriz, Iran in 2009-2010. The isolates were identified using standard biochemical and microbiological tests. ESBL production was determined in isolates by Combined Disc test. The presence of bla-OXA-10, bla-OXA-2 and INT-1 genes in clinical isolates was investigated by PCR technique. FINDINGS: The results of antimicrobial sensitivity tests revealed that the highest resistance was against cefixime (100%), ceftizoxime (100%) and ticaracilin (100%), whereas the highest susceptibility was observed for polymyxin B (84%), colistin (77%) and rifampin (73%). Combined Disc Test showed that 60% of isolated were ESBL producer among them 7 cases (11.6%) were positive for bla-OXA-2 and 5 cases (8.3%) for bla-OXA-10 genes. Screening for INT-1 genes demonstrated that 73% of isolates were positive for Int-1 insertion sequence.CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed the presence of OXA-2 and OXA-10 type ESBLs and class I integron genes among drug resistant Acinetobacter strains that reminding the necessity of preventive measures for inhibiting dissemination of these resistant isolates. 4182 Biochemical Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Unstimulated Saliva of the Patients with Minor Aphtha Seifi, S Motallebnejad, M Maliji, GH Bijani, A Farnia S 1 9 2012 14 5 64 69 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein that stimulates angiogenesis and plays a role in ulcer healing. The pathogenesis of the aphtha is unknown and few studies have been undertaken on the subject and have reported conflicting results. The present study aimed to determine the level and role of VEGF in four clinical stages and pathogenesis of the minor aphtha.METHODS: In this case-control study, unstimulated saliva of the 18 patients with minor aphtha in four clinical stages (prodromal, preulcerous, ulcerative and healing) and 18 persons of control group, by asking them to spit their saliva was collected. Saliva VEGF (pg/ml) level were assessed using ELISA method. The results were compared with each other and with control group.FINDINGS: Saliva VEGF level (pg/ml) in prodromal, preulcerous, ulcerative and healing stages was 21.32±12.94, 14.5±11.1, 10.49±9.46 and 13.26±12.06, respectively, and in control group was 20.15±57.83 pg/ml. Statistically significant differences in clinical aphtha (4 stages) were seen (p=0.002). The lowest VEGF level was observed in ulcerative stage in comparison to control group (p= 0.02). VEGF level in prodromal stage was higher than ulcerative (p=0.006) and healing stages (p=0.014), but no significant VEGF difference was observed between healing and ulcerative stages (p=0.158), healing and preulcerous stages (p=0.619) or prodromal and preulcerous stages. (p=0.066)CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the changes in VEGF level especially its decrease in ulcerative stage have a role in the pathogenesis of the formation of minor aphthous ulcer but the minor aphtha is not resulted from high angiogenesis. 4179 Biochemical Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α)-1031 Polymorphism with Chronic Infection of Patients with HCV Baradaran Ghavami, SH Mohebbi SR Naghoosi H Azimzadeh P Tahaei E Romani S Almasi, SH Sanati A Mirtalbi H 1 9 2012 14 5 70 76 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is leading cause of chronic liver disease. Cytokines play a key role in the modulation of immune response. Different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNF-Alpha promoter region have been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of TNF-α gene 1031 polymorphism with chronic hepatitis C patients.METHODS: This study is a case-control study. Genomic DNA of 119 HCV patients infected and 120 healthy controls were extracted and their genotypes were determined by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). FINDINGS: The frequency of TT, TC and CC genotypes was 88(73.9%), 31(26.1%) and (0.0%), respectively in case and it was 79(65.8%), 39(32.5%) and 2(1.7%), respectively in control (p=0.183). There was not a significant difference in genotype frequency between HCV patients and healthy control groups.CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that there was no association between TNF-α gene 1031 polymorphism and chronic hepatitis C infection. 4183 Biochemical Efficiency of Protective Mask Filters in Removal of Hexavalent Chromium Mist Golbabaei, F Heidari M Tirgar A Rahimi Foroushani, A Shahtaheri SJ 1 9 2012 14 5 77 83 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Personal protective equipments (PPE) are common equipments for control of workers exposure to harmful agents in work environment. Regarding to the critical role of the filter collection efficiency under hazardous conditions such as exposure to carcinogen materials, this study was performed to determine the effect of different factors on efficiency of respirator filters in removing hexavalent chromium mist. METHODS: In this quasi-experimental study, homogenous chromium mist at different conditions (concentration 1.25 and 2.5 mg/m3, relative humidity 50 and 80% , and temperature 0-5 and 35-40 oC) passed through two types of respirator filters (MSA and Spasciani). All samples (n= 384) were collected, using NIOSH 7600 test method at upstream and downstream of respiratory filters, simultaneously and analyzed, using an atomic absorption spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma (ICP), respectively. FINDINGS: Although type of filter had significant effect on hexavalent chromium mist removal, the ANOVA test results indicated that the increase of chromium mist concentration and relative humidity resulted a significant decrease in removal efficacy 0.53% and 0.42%, respectively (p<0.001). The temperature had not significant effect on filter efficiency.CONCLUSION: Increase of hexavalent chromium mist concentrations and relative humidity has significant negative effect on collection efficiency of respirator filters. 4177 Biochemical Muscle Strength, Vitamin D Deficiency and Knee Osteoarthritis Heidari B. 1 9 2012 14 5 84 91 08 06 2014 Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common and an important cause of disability in the elderly population. Muscle weakness and vitamin D deficiency are responsible factors of KOA. Both factors are also associated with knee pain. However, the results of previous studies are not consistent. Muscle weakness may develop in KOA due to pain and limitation of motion. Conversely, muscle weakness was introduced as an etiologic factor of KOA. Similarly, vitamin D deficiency is also common in elderly population. At present it is not possible to conclude whether muscle weakness is as a cause or a consequence of KOA. This study by reviewing available data recommends further studies in context of muscle strength and KOA. Future studies should address the relationship between KOA and muscle strength regarding serum vitamin D status. 4175 Biochemical Successful Management of Pregnancy in Patient with Severe Morbid Obesity Basirat, Z Kashifard M Yazdani SH 1 9 2012 14 5 92 95 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Morbid or extended obesity (class III) is uncommon in pregnancy and associated with higher rates of pregnancy complications compared to women with normal weight. In this report, a successful management of pregnancy in patient with severe morbid obesity with weight 175kg and overt diabetes and chronic hypertension was introduced.CASE: A 31-year-old pregnant woman with history of overt diabetes and hypertension with weight 175kg and a body mass index of 64 kg/m2 was admitted to Ayatollah Roohani hospital of Babol, Iran. Her diabetes and hypertension well controlled. She was scheduled for a cesarean section (C/S) at 37 gestational weeks. Spinal anesthesia and C/S by Pfannenstiel incision was applied for this patient. Delivery outcome was a healthy female neonate with 3300 gr weight and Apgar score of 9-10. The mother was discharged with good condition. There were no complications at 4-month follow-up after surgery and the patients hypertension was controlled and need for insulin decreased. CONCLUSION: Because of high maternal and fetal neonatal complications in morbid obesity, we consider good prenatal care for her medical problems and appropriate timed fetal well being test. 4180 Biochemical Case Series of Crimean–Congo Disease: an Outbreak in South of Fars, Iran Raoofi, R Pourahamad, M Nazer, MR Pournia, Y Chinikar S 1 9 2012 14 5 96 100 08 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Iran is one of the endemic regions of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). The most common route for transmission is contaminated pets in this region. This disease is associated with high mortality rate. This article is a report of an outbreak of this disease in Jahrom (a city in the south of Fars in Iran).CASES: The first and second patients were two young brothers aged 23 and 26, with a history of butchering from Banarouyeh (a village in the south of Fars-Iran). These patients were referred to Peymanieh hospital in Jahrom after the death of a woman who was in their neighborhood. The cause of her death was coagulation disorders. They had history of contact with infected animals in the days before the onset of symptoms. Symptoms in these patients were fever, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, melena, bloody vomiting, and productive cough. The third patient was a young person who was the nephew of the mentioned patients. He had a history of contact with these patients and eating contaminated meat. He came with flu-like symptoms, without any symptoms of bleeding. The fourth patient was a health care worker, who had contact with these patients. She also came with flu-like symptoms and then developed hemorrhagic disorders and alveolar hemorrhagic pneumonia. Serology and RT-PCR for CCHF was positive in all of these patients. They responded to Ribavirin and supportive therapy. CONCLUSION: Iran is an endemic region of CCHF. So outbreak of the disease may happen every time. High mortality rate of this disease shows the importance of the knowledge about this disease. It also is necessary to emphasize for being more careful in contact with patients with CCHF in community and hospitals. In addition we should try to improve public information about this disease to prevent it better.