1 1561-4107 Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences 3734 Biochemical Comparison between Effect of Evening Primrose Oil and Vitamin E in Treatment of Cyclic Mastalgia Alvandipour M Tayebi P Alizadeh Navaie R Khodabakhshi H 1 3 2011 13 2 7 11 07 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mastalgia is a common painful complaint in women. Several different therapeutic components are used for mastalgia treatment. Vitamin E and Evening Primrose oil (EPO) are some of these components that used for cyclic mastalgia. This study was designed to compare EPO and Vitamin E in treatment of cyclic mastalgia and to find the best treatment for it. METHODS: This study was done as a double blind clinical trial on 100 women suffered cyclic mastalgia. Patients was divided in 4 study groups with 25 patients in each group, included: 1. Evening Primrose oil 2 gr/day, 2. Vitamin E 400 unit daily, 3. Evening Primrose oil and Vitamin E, 4. Placebo. The MC Gill Questionnaires was used for patients pain evaluation before study and 1 and 6 months after intervention.FINDINGS: The mean of MC Gill score in Primrose oil group before investigation was 6.23±1.004 and was decreased to 2.68±1.002 six months after primrose oil consumption. Also in Vitamin E group this mount was decreased from 6.04±1.342 to 3.06±1.482. Overally the mean of MC Gill score in each of three therapeutic group was decreased after the intervention against placebo group (p=0.000). Also the difference of MC Gill score between these three therapeutic groups hasn any significant change. CONCLUSION: The results of present study show that Vitamin E and Primrose oil have a same therapeutic effect in the treatment of cyclic mastalgia and these drugs can be used as a suitable therapeutic alternative in the patient with cyclic mastalgia.
3735 Biochemical Protective Role of Pharmacologic Postconditioning with Natural Honey on Myocardial Infarction Size Najafi M Gharakhani A GHOYEMI H Eteraf Oskouei T 1 3 2011 13 2 12 18 07 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Honey has been noticed as an effective drug more than a nutrient. There is no report regarding cardioprotective effects of postconditioning with natural honey. In the present study, effects of postconditioning by honey on myocardial infarction size in ischemic-reperfused isolated rat heart were investigated.METHODS This experimental study was performed on 42 male Wistar rats weighing 270-330 g. The rats hearts were isolated and divided into five groups including a control and four postconditioning groups (n= 8-10 in each). The hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion. In the control group, the hearts were perfused by normal Krebs-Henseleit (K/H) solution throughout the experiment, however in the postconditioning groups, they were perfused with honey (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) enriched K/H solution or glucose (equivalent concentration in 1% honey solution) from 10 min before to 10 min after reperfusion. To determine the infarct size, the hearts were perfused with Evans blue dye then cut into slices and incubated with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Finally, the infarct size was determined by computerized planimetry.FINDINGS: Perfusion of isolated hearts with honey as a postconditioning agent significantly decreased infarct size and infarcted volume in the all treated groups. In the control group, the infarct size was 47±3%, however, natural honey (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) and glucose reduced it to 26±3, 6±3, 5±2 and 21±2 %, respectively (p<0.001 for all groups).CONCLUSION: The results showed protective effects of postconditioning by natural honey against ischemia-reperfusion injuries as reduction of infarction size. Probably, antioxidant activity of honey, scavenging of free radicals and the presence of energy sources in honey composition may involve in these protective effects. 3736 Biochemical Effect of Using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in Acupuncture Points [Hegu (Li4) and Sanyinjiao (Sp6)] on Duration of the First Stage of Labor Aghamohammadi A Behmanesh F Zafari M Tofighi M 1 3 2011 13 2 19 24 07 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Duration of labor is an important factor affecting pregnancy outcome and fetal and maternal injury. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on specific acupuncture points for reducing duration of first stage of labor and need to oxytocin augmentation of labor in nulliparous women. METHODS: This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 64 nulliparous women in active phase of first stage of labor who hospitalized in Razi hospital of Ghaemshar town, Iran. They were randomly divided into two groups (n=32 in each group). Odd numbers and even numbers of patients were allocated by chance to TENS group and TENS placebo group, respectively. According to TENS on four acupuncture points (Hegu [LI-4] and Sanyinjiao [Sp-6]) (n = 32) or the TENS placebo (n = 32), the current output was titrated for each person separately in 4cm dilated cervix. In TENS group, a burst frequency was set to 100 Hz and pulse duration was set to 250 ms and it was periodically used 20 minutes on and 20 minutes off. In the control group, the TENS unit was not turned on. Duration of first stage of labor, need to oxytocin augmentation of labor, pain severity and satisfaction in two groups were compared. FINDINGS: Duration of the first stage was 180 minutes in TENS group and 238 minutes in TENS placebo group (p=0.002) and need for oxytocin augmentation of labor was 16(50%) in TENS group and 25(78.1%) in TENS placebo group (p=0.04) that in TENS group was significantly shorter than TENS placebo group. Pain severity was less (p<0.001) and consent in intervention procedure was more (p<0.001) in TENS group. There was no difference between two groups in terms of Apgar score.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, TENS on acupuncture points can be used as a non-drug method with no side effects on mother and fetus to augment labor and reduce the duration of the first stage of labor. 3737 Biochemical Comparison of Carpenter– Coustan Criteria and National Diabetes Data Group Criteria in Evaluation of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Kashifard M Basirat Z 1 3 2011 13 2 25 31 07 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis of gestational diabetes is very important and there are different criteria for diagnose of gestational diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare Carpenter– Coustan (C;C) and National Diabetes Data Group ( NDDG ) criteria in evaluation of adverse pregnancy outcomeMETHODS: This cohort study was done in prenatal care on 200 pregnant women who had abnormal GCT (Glucose challenge test) and normal GTT (Glucose tolerance test) based on NDDG criteria and 200 pregnant women (control group) who had normal GCT. Patients were compared in three groups included: normal GCT, normal GTT on both criteria and a group with normal GTT in NDDG criteria and abnormal GTT in C;C criteria for pregnancy outcome such as macrosomia, premature rupture membrane (PROM) need to cesarean section (C/S).FINDINGS: According to C;C criteria 24 (6%) patients had abnormal test but these patients was normal according NDDG criteria. PROM (OR=2.23, CI95%: 1.14-4.35), macrosomia (OR=3.73, CI95%: 1.54-9.01) and cesarean section (OR=1.73, CI95%: 1.05-2.84) in patients with abnormal test result according to both criteria was significantly higher than patients with normal GCT (control), but the risk of preeclampsia (OR=2.64, CI95%: 0.79-8.73) was not significantly different between the two groups. Risk of preeclampsia (OR=2.23, CI95%: 0.77-25.7) and cesarean section (OR=4.06, CI95%:0.92-17.8) in the group with only abnormal GTT by C;C criteria had higher than people who were normal by both criteria. Presence of at least one outcome (OR=7.6, CI95%:1.01-12.8) in the group with only abnormal GTT by C;C criteria had significantly higher than people who were normal by both criteria. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with normal GTT according to NDDG criteria but gestational diabetes by C;C was higher than women with normal GCT. 3738 Biochemical Comparison of Hemoglobin Concentration and Body Iron Stores in Normal Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Nasiri Amiri F Basirat Z Hajian K Sharbatdaran M Pouramir M Omidvar SH 1 3 2011 13 2 32 38 07 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is most common health problem during pregnancy and women with GDM are at high risk for development of diabetes mellitus type-2. The disease causes substantial morbidity and mortality and long term complications. Since some studies indicated that high maternal hemoglobin and body iron store were an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes. The aim of study was to compare hemoglobin concentration and body iron stores in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and normal pregnant women.METHODS: This case- control study was performed on 200 pregnant who admitted to Shahid Yahyanejad hospital of Babol town, Iran during 2007-2008. For every sample of GDM diagnosed by OGTT impaired based on criteria (Carpenter & Coustan) a control sample of routine pregnancy care was selected. In this study 100 women with GDM were compared with 100 healthy pregnant women with normal Oral Glucose Tolerance test (GTT). Two groups were matched for age, gestational age, parity and referred center. Hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit and iron status measurements including ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were assessed and compared between two groups at the third trimester.FINDINGS: In this study, the mean of hemoglobin concentration was 12.17±1.28 and 11.63±2.42 in GDM and control groups, respectively and mean of serum ferritin was 52.10±47.23 and 30.36±23.27 in GDM and control groups, respectively. Hemoglobin concentration and serum ferritin after adjusted BMI were significantly higher in GDM group as compared with controls at the third trimester (p<0.05). The mean serum iron concentration was 95.75±41.14 and 91.48±31.80 in GDM and control groups, respectively that showed no significant differences and TIBC was 354.55±40.47 and 353.02±51.10 in GDM and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit and serum ferritin were higher in GDM than normal pregnancy. Therefore it requires more careful in prescribing iron supplementation to all pregnant women regarding to status of hemoglobin and serum iron status. 3739 Biochemical Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Effect of OSTEORA on Class II Furcation Defects in Chronic Periodontitis Amoian B Haghanifar S Vazinpour H Bijani A 1 3 2011 13 2 39 45 07 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Furcation involvement is thought to have a strong negative effect on prognosis. Various treatments have been proposed for treatment of furcation defects. Regeneration is the treatment of choice in this type of defect. Recently an OCHS (Oily Calcium hydroxide Suspension) has also been supposed to support periodontal regeneration. The aim of this study was clinical and radiographic evaluation of effect of OSTEORA on class II furction defects in patient with chronic periodontitis.METHODS: In this clinical trial 24 class II furcation defect divided into two groups. All the patients received phase I treatment (scaling & root planing). Test group treated with access flap surgery and the application of Control group treated with access flap surgery alone. The fallowing parameters were recoded: horizontal clinical attachment level (H-CAL) vertical clinical attachment level (V-CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), furcation vertical component (FVC), furcation to alveolar crest (FAC), fornix to base of defect (FBD), furcation horizontal component (FHC). A periapical radiograph was taken in parallel method before and 6 months after surgery and they were analyzed by digital subtraction. FINDINGS: No significant difference was in mean change of investigation parameter among two groups. In study group only gingival recession increased significantly after 6 months from 0.67± 0.778 to 1.375± 0.9324 (p=0.04). In control group only gingival recession increased significantly from 0.58±0.793 to 1.583±1.379 (p=0.002), and VPD decreased significantly from 3.17±1.115 to 1.83±0.835 (p=0.015). Radiographic changes among two groups didn show significant difference. CONCLUSION: No difference was found between the test and control site. None of treatment modalities improved periodontal regeneration in class II furcation defects. 3740 Biochemical Comparison of Apical Sealing of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Hydroxy Apatite and Amalgam Moradi S Afkhami Jedi F 1 3 2011 13 2 46 50 07 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the main aims of root canal therapy is to seal the canal. The aim of the retrograde filling in apical resection operation is to obtain an effective apical sealing. Various materials have been recommended for retrograde fillings. For evaluation these materials the most important characteristics is their sealing ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of dye penetration in two common retrofill materials (amalgam and MTA) and compare them with hydroxy apatite in root end surgeries. METHODS: In this invitro study 69 single root extracted human teeth were used and after instrumentation, they were obturated with lateral condensation. 3 mm of the apical root was resected, and root-end cavities were prepared. Then the teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 20 specimens (white MTA, amalgam and hydroxy apatite). The amount of micro leakage in each group was evaluated by using dye penetration technique. Dye penetration at the rate of 0-0.99mm was considered little, 1-1.99mm moderate, 2-2.99mm severe and 3mm or more extensive. Groups were evaluated and compared.FINDINGS: Mean microleakage in the moderate, severe and extensive group for amalgam were 0%, 35% and 65%, MTA 10%, 15% and 75% and hydroxy apatite were 5%, 35% and 50% respectively. There was not significant relationship between the three materials (MTA, hydroxy apatite and amalgam) and the amount of dye penetration.CONCLUSION: The results showed that hydroxy apatite can be used as a retrofill material and it has no significant difference with amalgam and MTA. 3741 Biochemical Assessment of Convergence Angles of Tooth Preparation for Porcelain Fused to Metal Restorations by General Dentists Madani A Ghahramanloo A Shokati M 1 3 2011 13 2 51 56 07 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the important factors in the longevity of fixed restorations is fundamental considerations of tooth preparation. One of these fundamentals is axial walls preparation with minimum tapering for retention and resistance form. The aim of this study was to assess convergence angles of tooth preparation for Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) restorations by general dentists. METHODS: Referring to Mashhad dental laboratories, 600 die patterns were collected, and divided into five groups including maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, premolars, maxillary and mandibular molars (120 in each group). Photographic views of the samples were taken by a digital camera (EOS-450D model) to exactly examine the convergence of the tooth walls. One photograph was taken from the facial surface, and the other taken from the proximal. Angles related to the tapering of axial walls, in mesiodistal and faciolingual dimensions were measured by using engineering software (AutoCAD 2008) for each die. Also, the inclination of buccal and lingual walls of posterior teeth was measured separately and then assessed and compared with the standards.FINDINGS: Mean M-D and F-L convergence angle for maxillary and mandibular molars, premolar, maxillary and mandibular teeth were (31.02±10.72, 28.48±11.92), (32.06±9.98, 37.14±11.92), (21.83±7.46, 24.25±11.72), (28.66±13.18, 15.51±8.98) and (31.31±13.78, 18.11±7.95) degrees, respectively. M-D and F-L tapering in all groups have statistical significant difference with optimum degree of tooth preparation taper. Also there was a significant difference between M-D and F-L tapering in all groups (p<0.001). Inclination of preparation in posterior teeths also measured buccal inclination is bigger than of lingual walls in posterior teeth (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: According to results of this study, in all cases the tapering angles were more than normal. M-D and F-L tapering in mandibular molars were more than the others. Tendency of dentists was to more tapering in buccal than lingual surfaces in posterior teeth. 3742 Biochemical Performing and Evaluation of Breast Feeding Education Program on Exclusive Breastfeeding and Growth Indices of Preterm Infant at 4 Months after Birth Gholamitabar Tabari M Heidarzadeh M Sattarzadeh N Kooshavar H 1 3 2011 13 2 57 62 07 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Breast feeding has been associated with multiple developmental advantages for the infant. The probability of successful breast-feeding in preterm infant mothers is less than healthy and term infant mothers. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of breast feeding education program on exclusive breastfeeding and growth indices of preterm infants at 4 months after birth.METHODS: This Quasi experimental study was performed on pregnant mothers who exposed to preterm labor and their preterm infants. Seventy four preterm infants were assigned to intervention and control groups. Both groups were followed up to 4 months after birth. Intervention group received prenatal education and post partum follow up but control group only used the routine education in hospital. Then two groups were compared.FINDINGS: Percentage of exclusive breast-feeding at 2 months after birth in control group was 45% (n=33) and in intervention group was 60% (n=44) (p=0.07). In infants weighing 1000-1499g at 2 months of age, weight index and head circumstance in intervention group was more than control group (p=0.003 and p=0.05). In infants weighing over 2500g at 4 months of age, weight index and head circumstance in intervention group was more than control group (p=0.01 and p=0.02). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, prenatal education and post partum follow up is effective on exclusive breastfeeding. Using breastfeeding in intervention group was more than control group. 3743 Biochemical Evaluation of CD3 and CD4 Positive Lymphocytes in Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection Abdollahi AR Mohammadzadeh F 1 3 2011 13 2 63 67 07 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Trichomonas Vaginalis is the most prevalent nonviral agent that causes sexually transmitted disease (STD) in human. This organism causes vaginitis, infertility, preterm labour, premature rupture of membrane and low birth weight. This study was carried out to study the cellular immunity systems response to this infection through evaluation of CD3 and CD4 positive lymphocytes and cytokine interleukin 10 in the patients contaminated with this infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare 65 women having developed clinical symptoms of trichomonasis with control group in terms of age as well as social and economic conditions. They were compared in terms of the number of CD3 and CD4 lymphocytes and IL10 cytokine concentration in their blood.FINDINGS: Of 65 women studied, 25 (38.5%) were diagnosed with trichomonas vaginalis infection in the lab scale (vaginal discharge culture). More specifically, the percentage of T lymphocytes (CD3 positive cells) in infected women (79.75±0.7%) was (59.95±10%) higher than in the control group (p≤0.0001). Auxiliary T lymphocytes (CD4 positive cells) in the infected women (67.94±0.96%) were also meaningfully (32.52±0.93%) higher than in the control group (p≤0.0001). Moreover, a meaningful difference was observed in the IL10 serum level between the patient group (119 ±42% pg/ml) and the control group (1.02±0.14% pg/ml). (p≤0.001)CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, cellular immunity plays a significant role in controlling trichomonas vaginalis infections. Therefore, another study with more samples and multi centers for confirmation are strongly recommended. 3744 Biochemical Visceral Leishmaniasis in Mazandaran Province and Review on its Current Situation in Iran Fakhar M Rahmati B 1 3 2011 13 2 68 75 07 06 2014 Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is an important infectious disease which is caused by an intracellular protozoan belonged to Leishmania donovani complex. Leishmania infantum is the main agent of VL in Mediterranean regions such as Iran and Leishmania tropica is second etiological agent as well. Dog and canidae family considered as main reservoirs and different species of sandflies such as phlebotomous major is the main vector for VL in Iran. Currently, VL is endemic in five provinces of the country including Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Bushehr and Qom provinces. Moreover, sporadic cases are reported from other provinces. If left untreated it can be fatal, with up to 98% mortality rate, especially in children. As a whole, we believed that the VL is as a neglected disease in some provinces of Iran such as Mazandaran province. In this paper, we mention regarding history of VL in Mazandaran province, additionally review the current status of VL in Iran and also some efficient and possible factors on reemerging of the VL in Mazandaran province. 3745 Biochemical Assessment of Consistency Rate of Clinical Grading of Varicocele and Sonography Findings Nabahati M Kasayan AA Bijani A Mehraban AR 1 3 2011 13 2 76 80 07 06 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Varicocele is cited as one of the most common treatable causes of male factor infertility. Diagnosis of varicocele is based on physical examination and also sonography and venography. The aim of this study was to assess the consistency rate of clinical grading of varicocele and venous diameter in sonography. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 85 patients with symptoms of scrotum pain and fullness and infertility who referred to private office. Physical examination was performed on patients and the grading of varicocele was recorded. In sonography, their venous diameter in vasalva maneuver was measured by radiologist. Then sonography findings were compared with clinical grading. FINDINGS: In this study a sensitivity of 94.7% and specificity of 64.9% in sonography were compared to physical examination, and positive predictive value was 68.6% and negative predictive value was 93.8% (p=0.000) and also there was a significant relationship between existence of reflux and increasing of grading of varicocele in physical examination with increasing of venous diameter. Mean venous diameter was 2.1±0.55 mm, 2.7±0.52 mm, 3.31±0.38 mm and 3.8±0.45 mm in cases with no clinical varicocele, varicocele grade 1, varicocele grade 2 and varicocele grade 3, respectively (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, we can estimate grading of varicocele with knowing of venous diameter in sonography, and also sonography as an appropriate test for screening of the patients can be used.