Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
11
2014
11
1
Comparative Evaluation of Changes of Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume due to the Increase of Tidal Volume in Mechanical Ventilation of Pulmonary during Controlled Hypotension by Nitroglycerine and Na Nitroprusside
7
14
FA
Mohammad
Golparvar
Reyhanak
Talakoob
Khosro
Naghibi
Hamid
Hajigholam Saryazdi
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mechanical ventilation affects heart and hemodynamic function. Nitroglycerine (NG) and Na Nitroprusside (NPS) are used to apply as deliberate hypotension by decreasing the preload and afterload of heart, respectively. This study was evaluated the effects of different tidal volumes on a few hemodynamic components during these kinds of controlled hypotension.
METHODS: In a double-blind clinical trial, 60 anesthesia patients were randomly selected during mechanical ventilation with different tidal volumes (5, 10 & 15 cc/kg) for ten minutes before and after controlled hypotension which induced by NG or NPS. Changes of some hemodynamic components were measured and analyzed.
FINDINGS: Before hypotension, the cardiac output (CO) decreased from 3.35±0.35 to 3.05±0.65 and from 3.51±0.34 to 3.06±0.56 lit/min in NG and NPS groups, respectively (p<0.000) and stroke volume (SV) decreased from 35.26±3.43 to 17.42±4.36 and 36.28±3.04 to 18.71±5.05 cc respectively (p<0.000) by increasing the tidal volume from 5 to 15 cc/kg. During controlled hypotension by increasing the tidal volume from 5 to 15 cc/kg, the CO decreased from 2.84±0.73 to 2.57±0.64 in NG group and increased from 4.26±0.56 to 4.57±0.81 lit/min in NPS group (p<0.000) and SV decreased from 15.86±4.62 to 13.46±4.29 in NG group and enhanced from 18.75±5.52 to 19.58±5.42 cc in NPS group (p<0.028).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the cardiac output was decreased by increasing the tidal volume during mechanical ventilation and controlled hypotension by NG while it was increased in NPS group. The decrease of stroke volume in NG group was greater than NPS group by increasing the tidal volume.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
11
2014
11
1
The Effect of Single Dose of Dexamethasone on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
15
21
FA
hamidreza
Hemmati
raheb
Ghorbani
babak
Hossein-Zadeh
hadith
Ebrahim-Zadeh
saeed
Shakeri
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic
cholecystectomy is now the gold standard for the treatment of symptomatic
gallstone disease. Despite the minimally invasive nature of laparoscopy, high
incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a major cause of
morbidity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of single
dose of dexamethasone on PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic
cholecystectomy.
METHODS: This clinical
trial study included 92 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We
divided the patients into two groups randomly. One group received Dexamethasone
(5mg, IV) and the other group received Saline (5cc, IV) 10 minutes
before extubation. The patients were observed for any episode and severity of
nausea and vomiting or whether the patient required any anti emetic drug in the
24 hours postoperative period.
FINDINGS: Two patients in saline group excluded the
study. There were no significant differences between groups regarding to age,
gender and body mass index. Incidence of nausea in dexamethasone and saline
groups were 34.8% (16) and 47.7% (21) respectively. The difference was not
significant (RR=0.73, CI 95%: 0.44-1.20, p=0.310). Also incidence of vomiting
in dexamethasone and saline groups were 30.4% (14) and 34.1% (15) respectively,
and the difference was not significant (RR=0.89, CI 95%: 0.49-1.69, p=0.884).
CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that a single dose
dexamethasone (5mg, IV), 10 minutes before extubation, has no effect on PONV.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
11
2014
11
1
The relationship between gingivitis and periodontitis with β-thalassemia disease
22
27
FA
ahmad
tamaddoni
majid
fereidooni
sorayya
khafri
maryam
faghani
Objective:Thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder of hemoglobin synthesis by reducing alpha or beta globin chains is determined. The main symptoms of the disease include bone deformities, especially in the skull, maxilla and zygoma and dental decay and periodontal disease. Given the higher prevalence of dental complications in these patients, we can prevent or treat complications of thalassemia patients by early diagnosis and treatment, thus in this study we examined the relationship between gingivitis and periodontitis with β-thalassemia disease. Methods and Materials: This case - control study of 50 patients with thalassemia major and thalassemia center Amirkola 15-35 years and 50 healthy individuals as a control group of healthy people examined. For patients with a questionnaire includes general information (such as gender, age, etc.) and clinical examination information such as gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and attachment loss (AL) and the oral health index-simplified (OHI-S) was completed. Results: The mean age of the patients and healthy subjects, respectively, 23/92 ± 5/591 and 23/98 ± 6/554. Average Indexed Health 2/18 ± 0/77 in the patient group versus 1/2 ± 0/81 control group and no statistical differences were not statistically significant (P= 0/635). Intermediate GI patients, significantly more than the healthy controls (respectively 1/28 ± 0/73, 0/94 ± 0/59 and P =0/014) well as pocket depth in patients 0/4 ± 0/53 and the control group 0/12 ± 0/33 and mean attachment loss in patients 0/4 ± 0/53 and the control group 0/08 ± 0/27, respectively. Differences were statistically significant level (respectively P = 0/003 and P <0/001)
Discussion and conclusion: Among the examined parameters, periodontal indexes in patients with thalassemia were significantly higher than normal group which show more prevalence of periodontal disease and gingival, as a result, we can prevent and early treat complications and problems caused by the thalassemia by continuously track and periodic monitoring the status of patients.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
11
2014
11
1
Effect of Simultaneous Administration of Felodipine with CCPA (A1 adenosine receptor agonist) or SCH58261 (Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist) on Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome
28
35
FA
gisoo
Mohaddes
parisa
Khalili
naser
Ahmadiasl
fariba
Mirzaei Bavil
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Morphine withdrawal increases the neuronal
activity in the brain associated with the changes in the level of
neurotransmitters and second messenger system. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the effect of felodipine (calcium channel blocker) alone and in
combination with CCPA (A1 receptor agonist) or SCH58261 (A2A receptor
antagonist) on the morphine withdrawal syndrome.
METHODS: This
experimental study was conducted on 80 NMRI male mice divided into 8 groups
(n=10) including Saline, Felodipine (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg), CCPA, SCH58261,
Felodipine+CCPA, and Felodipine+SCH groups. Animals received increasing doses
of morphine sulphate subcutaneously (S.C). Animals were
examined in terms of jumping behavior and diarrhea for 30 minutes after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of naloxone (4 mg/kg i.p.).
FINDINGS: In comparison with the saline group, 5
mg/kg of Felodipine (88.1±7.199 & 44.8± 8.421, p<0.05), CCPA (88.1±7.199
; 20.4± 5.02, p<0.001) and SCH (88.1±7.199 & 37.2± 3.623,
p<0.001) significantly reduced the number of jumps. Three doses (2.5, 5 and
10 mg/kg) of felodipine decreased the amount of diarrhea (0.478±0.059,
0.109±0.035, p<0.001), (0.478±0.059, 0.112±0.054, p<0.001), (0.478±0.059,
0.067±0.026, p<0.001), respectively and the CCPA significantly reduced diarrhea
(0.478±0.059, 0.057±0.010, p<0.001), too. In the combination therapy, Felodipine
(5mg/kg) +CCPA significantly decreased jumping (88.1±7.199 & 28.3±4.758,
p<0.001) and diarrhea (0.478±0.59 & 0.011±0.007, p<0.001). Felodipine
(5mg/kg) +SCH 58261 significantly reduced jumping (88.1±7.199 & 41.7±5.226,
p<0.001) and diarrhea (0.478±0.59 & 0.027±0.023, p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: The
results showed that using the felodipine in combination with SCH58261 and CCPA
decreased morphine withdrawal symptoms, but synergistic effect was not observed
in combination therapy.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
11
2014
11
1
Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Rosa Damascena Mill Leaf on Smooth Muscle Contractions
36
43
FA
mehrnoosh
Sedighi
mahmood
Rafieiankopaei
mosayeb
NooriAhmadabadi
marzieh
Tadi
razieh
Heidari
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Rosa damascena Mill is from Rosacea family which has been used in
traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The
effects of petal’s hydro-alcoholic extract of Rosa damascena Mill were examined
on the trachea, aorta and uterus of Wistar rats in this study.
METHODS: This
experimental study was conducted on forty male Wistar rats randomly
divided into five groups of eight including control group, the groups receiving
0.5, 0.75 and %1 doses of Rosa damascena Mill extract with the presence and
absence of calcium chloride. Isometric contraction was recorded by adding KCl
to smooth muscle with stability device. After
reaching the pan state, the effects of saline and cumulative concentrations of
extracts were recorded and the percentage changes were calculated.
FINDINGS: Cumulative
extract of Rosa damascena Mill (0.5, 0.75 and 1μg/m) dependent on dose caused
the rat’s trachea, aorta and uterus contractions (p<0.05). The contractions
of cumulative extract of Rosa damascena Mill were 54± 2/37, 96±3/32 and 62±2/17 in aortic
smooth muscle, trachea and uterus, respectively with the presence of
60mM calcium chloride.
CONCLUSION: The results
of this study showed that Rosa damascena Mill increased the trachea, aorta and
uterus contractions. Therefore it should be used with caution in patients
suffering from asthma, dysmenorrhea or hypertension.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
11
2014
11
1
Effect of Apium Graveolens Leaf Extract on Serum Level of Thyroid Hormones in Male Rat
44
50
FA
wassam
Kooti
akram
Ahangarpoor
maryam
Ghasemiboroon
sahar
Sadeghnezhadi
zahra
Abbasi
ziba
Shanaki
zahra
Hasanzadeh-Noohi
majid
Asadi-Samani
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Celery (Apium graveolens) is a medicinal plant with antioxidant
benefits and rich of flavonoid. Since flavonoids have great impact on
physiological functions of body and especially thyroid function, the aim of
this study was to investigate the effect of hydro- alcoholic extract of celery
leaf on serum level of thyroid hormones.
METHODS: In this
experimental study, 40 male rats were divided into 5 groups of eight rats each.
They were control, sham (received normal saline) and the experimental groups
received 1 ml of hydro- alcoholic extract of celery
with doses of 50,100 and 200 mg/kg during 21 days by using gavage method. One
day after the last gavage, the blood samples were collected by bloodletting
from the heart. After preparing serum, the level of T3، T4 and TSH hormones were measured using ELISA
method.
FINDINGS: The serum levels of T3 (0.95±0.04 and 0.95±0.06, respectively)
and T4 (5.42±0.85 and 5.87±0.89, respectively)
hormones decreased (p<0.05) in the rats
received celery leaf extract with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg serum and TSH (1.93±0.06 and
1.96±0.08, respectively) had
significant increase (p<0.001) in comparison with control group (1.63±0.33,
8.96±0.43, and 1.11±0.10, respectively). In
rats received celery leaf extract with dose of 200 mg/kg, the serum level of T4
(5.90±0.45)
hormone increased significantly in comparison
with the sham group (p<0.01), but that of TSH and T3 hormones had
no significant changes compared to control group (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: The results showed that prescribing these doses of celery extracts
caused the decrease of thyroid hormone level so it could be considered as a balance hyperthyroidism.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
11
2014
11
1
Most Common Genetic Abnormality and Molecular Mutations on Human Sperm Y Chromosome and their Effects on Male Infertility
51
63
FA
Eisa
Tahmasbpour-Marzooni
seyed gholamali
Jorsaraei
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE:Chromosomal or mitochondrial DNA abnormalities are the main
causes of male infertility. So far, a lot of genes are identified on X and Y
chromosomes that control the spermatogenesis process in a special order. Y
chromosome genes have an important role in sex determination and male
reproduction process, and so any mutation or disruption on the Y chromosome
genes effects on male fertility. In this study, several kinds of genetic disorders
and new area of gene and mutation damaging on the Y chromosome was
investigated.
METHODS:In this review
article the genetic abnormalities induced by molecular mutations on Y
chromosome was investigated.Papers pertaining to gene polymorphisms, abnormal
spermatogenesis, genetic evaluation andandrogen receptor genes were used.Microdeletions,
chromosomal abnormalities, molecular genetics, environmental conditions were
also studied.
FINDINGS:Among
2000 genes involved in spermatogenesis, only 30 genes are located on Y
chromosome. Environmental condition, hormonal and immune disorders,
antioxidants, genetic factors and elements deficiency are effective in male
infertility. Y chromosome abnormalities usually associated with the removal of
some factors. Genes on Y chromosome usually have an important role in
spermatogenesis and testes development.
Chromosomal translocation and loss of
genetic material cause infertility. Microscopic deletion is usually transmitted
to sons and their infertility cannot be solved even using the ICSI technique.
Effect of genes polymorphism on male fertility is associated with a decrease in
sperm count.
CONCLUSION:Azoospermic
factor region on human Y chromosome contains a lot of genes which any mutation
or deletion in these genes lead to impaired spermatogenesis and low sperm
fertilization.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
11
2014
11
1
Agony of Death and Different Reactions of Moribund People
64
69
FA
hassan
Majidi
fazeleh
Beitollahi
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The nature and concept of death are not inexistence but transfer.
Death is a transfer from the living world to the Hereafter and is an
undeniable
fact that
encompasses every existing phenomenon. Qur'an
mentions the death
in different terms and emphasizes that the
body and sprite of human beings are fully taken and nothing of them is scattered and lost. The
man's death is determinate and imminent fate that nobody can escape from it
with relying upon any position. However, the appearance
of death and facing to it is not
the same for all humans and the
conditions of different people are various in moribund time. Death moment
– death agony in Qur'an- is hardly described in verses and traditions. The aim
of this study was to investigate the moment of soul separation
of human, death and its states.
METHODS: Agony of death and different reactions of moribund people were investigated in this study based on religious sources, Qur'an, Bharalanvar, Nahjolbalaghe and using keywords.
FINDINGS: Most people always remember the
death as uncertain fate, think
death equals destruction and the life after death
is meaningless, fear the remembrance of death and escape from
it because the life amuses them.
Certainly, Qur'an declares the death will come and this is a certain and
undeniable fact for
every living being but most people are scared of it and it can have multiple causes.
CONCLUSION: The concept of death for everyone
is according to his life. It means that the perception of life and death plays an important role and the death time is
different for each group of
people. (Relatively) losing any person's life is based on
his performance and accords with his beliefs and intents. The role of inclinations
to the body, family, property and world is undeniable.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
11
2014
11
1
Determine the Concentration of Nitrate and Nitrite in Drinking Water in Rural and Urban areas (2012)
70
77
FA
iman
Amoue
hajar
Tabarinia
asiyeh
Khalilpour
hossein
Faraji
ali akbar
Mohammadi
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Nitrate and
Nitrite are entered to environment and ground water resources through using the
chemical fertilizers, discharging the effluent of municipal and industrial
sewage treatment plants and discharging the human wastewater. Nitrate is the
cause of Methemoglobinemia disorder in babies. The aim of this study was to
determine the concentration of Nitrate and Nitrite in drinking water of
transmission line and of consumption points in rural and urban places of Babol.METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was
performed in Babol in 2013. A total of 376 water samples were randomly
collected from water transmission line and consumption points in rural and
urban places of Babol in summer and winter. Spectrophotometer of HACH Company,
DR5000 model with 520 and 570 nm wavelengths was used for measurement of
Nitrate and Nitrite concentration in water. The results were compared with
national standards and WHO guideline of Nitrate and Nitrite concentrations in
drinking water.FINDINGS: The concentrations of Nitrate and Nitrite in
drinking water of transmission line and consumption points of rural places were
4.4±2.7 and 0.04±0.02 mg/l and 8.3± 5.3and 0.035±0.03 mg/l, respectively. In
urban localities these amounts were 8±1.5 and 0.045±0.3 mg/l and 8.8±3.7 and
0.038±0.035 mg/l. There was significant difference between the Nitrate of water
in transmission line and consumption points (P= 0.03). The concentrations of
Nitrate and Nitrite in drinking water in summer and winter were 6.7±1.9 and
0.03±0.001 mg/l and 9.4±3.9 and 0.04±0.001 mg/l respectively. There was
significant difference for the concentration of Nitrate in terms of analysis
(P=0.014).
CONCLUSION: Result of this study showed that the maximum
Nitrate and Nitrite concentrations in all rural and urban water supplies in
summer and winter were fewer than the standard of drinking water of Iran and
WHO guidelines. However, it is necessary to monitor continuously the contents
of the nitrogenous compounds into the drinking water resources due to
undesirable effects on the human.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
11
2014
11
1
Treatment Results of Unstable Thoracolumbar Fractures with Surgical Technique of Short Segment Fixation
78
83
FA
Amirabbas
Ghasemi
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Thoracolumbar junction (T11 to L1) is the most common site
of spine fractures. Surgery of these fractures is performed by using long and
short segment methods and each of them has its own advantages and
disadvantages. In addition to these methods, the modified short segment method
that includes the placement of pedicular screw in fractured vertebra and two
intact adjacent vertebrae has been presented but its success rate has not been
clearly established yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency
of modified short segment method in the treatment of unstable thoracolumbar
junction fractures.
METHODS: This
cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients with unstable thoracolumbar
fractures who underwent the surgery with modified short segment method
(insertion the pedicular screw in fractured vertebra and the below and above of
it) in the neurosurgical department of Uremia Imam Khomeini Hospital during 3
years. Evaluating the efficiency of surgery in patients was performed by
comparing the kyphotic deformity (Cobb method) and the pain intensity (visual
analogue scale) before, immediately and 12 months after the surgery.
FINDINGS: A total of 50 patients, 28(56%) and 22(44%) persons were
male and female, respectively. The mean age of patients was 46±17.3 (19-72
years). The mean of kyphosis was 28.3±6.4 degrees preoperatively which became
5.4±3.6 degrees (p<0.001) in immediate postoperation and 7.4±5.8 degrees
(p<0.01) at final follow-up. The mean of visual analogue scale was 8±1.4
preoperatively and became 4±2.7 after surgery and at final follow-up was 2±0.7
(p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The
results showed that the surgery with modified short segment fixation technique
using pedicular screw in fractured vertebra is an effective method for
treatment of unstable thoracolumbar fractures.