Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
10
2014
10
1
Effect of Lavender Inhalation on Pain Intensity during Insertion of Vascular Needles in Hemodialysis Patients
7
14
FA
Aliasghar
Ghods
Neda
Abfroosh
Raheb
Ghorbani
Mohammadreza
Asgari
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Patients
undergoing hemodialysis are exposed to pain due to the needle insertion to
access the blood circulation in their each reference. Since hemodialysis is essential
to survive, it is necessary to pay more attention to the patients, especially in
their pain management. Today, the therapeutic methods of complementary medicine
such as aromatherapy have a wide range of clinical application to control the
pain. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of inhalation of Lavender on
pain intensity during the insertion of vascular needles in the body of
hemodialysis patients.
METHODS: This study was a clinical trial which conducted on 34 hemodialysis
patients in Dialysis Ward in a hospital in Semnan University of Medical
Sciences. In this study, pain intensity during arterial needle insertion near
the arteriovenous fistula in all samples was measured and compared by following
the routine care method for once and once again following inhalation of
Lavender method. Pain intensity was measured by numeric rating scale (IRCT:201303076342N3).
FINDINGS: The
mean of pain intensity resulted from the insertion of arterial needle was 4/59±2/02
in following routine method and 2/53±1/48 in following inhalation of Lavender.
Statistical test showed a significant difference between mean pain intensity in
two methods (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Results
of this study showed that inhalation of Lavender was effective in reducing the pain
intensity during insertion of vascular needles. Therefore, it is recommended to
use Lavender for reducing the pain of these patients before the insertion of
hemodialysis vascular needles.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
10
2014
10
1
Xerostomia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis
15
22
FA
Neda
Babaee
Majid
Sales
Ali Mohammad
Ghazimirsaeed
Ali Akbar
Moghadamnia
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Chronic
renal failure may affect the oral cavity because of the variety of metabolic
and pathophysiologic changes. The aim of this study was to compare the
xerostomia in unstimulated and pilocarpine-stimulated whole
saliva of hemodialysis patients with the control group.
METHODS: This
cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 hemodialysis patients aged range of
35 to 65 and 30 healthy volunteers as control group. Patients’ individual data
such as age, sex and duration of hemodialysis and their complaining of xerostomia,
taste change and malodor were recorded. The xerostomia status of patients was
evaluated by filling out the standard questionnaires. To determine the salivary
changes unstimulated and pilocarpine-stimulated whole saliva was collected from
both the patient and the control groups..
FINDINGS: Complaining of xerostomia was the most common oral
manifestations among the patients. Dry mouth , taste change and malodor were recorded
in 19 (63.3%), 14 (46.7%) and 14 (46.7%) of the patients, respectively. The
unstimulated whole saliva was significantly lower in hemodialysis patients compared
toin the control group (p<0.05). In
addition, stimulated whole saliva was significantly lower in patients underwent
hemodialysis (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The results showed that the decrease
of unstimulated and pilocarpine-stimulated whole saliva in hemodialysis
patients compared to the control group may cause xerostomia in these patients.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
10
2014
10
1
Association between Dietary Fructose and Lipid Profile in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
23
30
FA
Neda
Youshari
Mehrangiz
Ebrahimi-Mameghani
Mohammad
Asghari-Jafarabadi
Navide
Youshari
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Regarding
the role of fructose in the synthesis of triglycerides, numerous studies have
examined the association between fructose-containing artificial sweeteners and
some chronic diseases. However, the studies which evaluated the role of
fructose derived from natural sources with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD) were rare. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the
relationship between dietary fructose intake and lipid profile in NAFLD
patients.
METHODS: This case - control study was conducted
on 57 patients with NAFLD (confirmed by ultrasonography and with high level of
liver enzymes) and 57 homogenized healthy subjects in terms of age, sex and
body mass index in Sheykh-ol-rais clinic in Tabriz. Food frequency questionnaires
of 97 food items and 3-day food record were used to assess the consumption of
fructose and sucrose. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate
aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, total cholesterol and
HDL-C levels were measured and LDL-C was estimated, too.
FINDINGS: The frequency of weekly fruit
consumption and total fructose from energy intake was significantly higher in
NAFLD patients than the control group (respectively 75.5 versus 63.4 times per
week and p=0.004 and 1.5 vs. 1.2 and p=0.045) whereas no significant
differences were found in the amount of daily fructose intake. NAFLD patients
had higher serum triglycerides (161.22 vs. 131.12 mg/dl and p=0.015) and lower
HDL-C levels (47.41 vs. 51.40 mg/dl and p=0.034) than healthy subjects. There
was no significant relationship between fructose consumption and the weekly
frequency of fructose-rich food consumption groups with serum triglyceride
level in each group.
CONCLUSION: The results indicated that fructose
derived from natural sources had no effect on serum triglyceride level and
consequently on pathogenesis of NAFLD.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
10
2014
10
1
Antinociceptive Effect of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Biophytum Sensivitum Leaf on Adult Male Rat
31
37
FA
Minoo
Mahmoodi
Saeed
Mohammadi
Afagh
Yavari
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Medicinal plants as the rich source of
efficient compounds are largely used worldwide especially to treat pain and
inflammatory processes by the population in traditional medicine. The aim of
this study was to investigate the antinociceptive effect of hydro-alcoholic extract
of Biophytum sensivitum leaf on male rats.
METHODS: In this study,
42 adult male rats were divided into 7 groups: Control, groups treated with the
extract (80, 100 and 300mg/kg, i.p.), Morphine
(1mg/kg, i.p.), Aspirin (1mg/kg, i.p.), and Naloxone (1mg/kg, i.p.) with a dose
of 300mg/kg. The analgesic effects of extract
were assessed with Writhing, Tail-flick and Formalin tests.
FINDINGS: Hydro-alcoholic extract of Biophytum sensivitum
leaf at dose of 300mg/kg clearly indicated the antinociceptive effect in Writhing
(with 30 decrease), tail-flick (3/9 seconds increase) with p<0.01 and
chronic phase of formalin (decrease of pain score from 2 to 0/6) (p<0.001)
tests. The results showed that there was no significant difference
between the morphine and receiving extract (300mg/kg) groups in the
chronic phase of formalin. In addition, LD50 of plant extract was
3400mg/kg.
CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the hydro-alcoholic extract
of Biophytum sensivitum leaf had the antinociceptive effects on both acute and chronic
pains.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
10
2014
10
1
Effect of Rosemary Extract against the Toxicity of Kainic Acid in Rats
38
44
FA
Elahe
Naderali
Homa
Rasolijazi
Farnaz
Nikbakht
Mansore
Soleimani
Malihe
Nobakht
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Chronic neurodegenerative process of epilepsy occurs in
the brain. Antioxidants
may reduce the
neurodegenerative process.
METHODS: In the present study, the male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 gr. (n= 34)
were randomly divided
into five groups: 1- control group A contains 5 intact animals, 2- control
group B contains 5 rats which received the
solvents of rosemary extracts (RE) and Kainic Acid (KA) 3- RE group contains 10
animals received daily,100 mg/kg RE
dissolved in distilled water and administered by gavage 4- lesion group contains 7 rats received
intraperitoneally a single dose of 9.5 mg/kg of KA and treatment group contains
7 animals received KA and RE. The
seizure signs of the rats were observed and recorded for 2-3 h after injection
of KA and compared them between lesion and treatment groups. Caspase 3 immunohistochemistry was used for detection of apoptosis in hippocampus.
FINDINGS:. The results of this study showed that the
administration of RE in rats with epilepsy caused by KA may reduce significantly
(p<0.01) the seizures behaviors scores (4/29± 0/47 in lesion
group and 2/14± 0/34 in
treatment group). The
occurrence of apoptosis was observed in the CA1 region of hippocampus by using caspase 3
staining.
CONCLUSION: This
study showed that the RE could have antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects
against the toxicity induced by KA.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
10
2014
10
1
Effect of Spinal Gap Junctions in Reduction or Increase of Inflammatory Rat Paw Edema in Presence and Absence of Morphine Usual and Ultra-low Dose
45
51
FA
Marjan
Kamalpour
Masood
Fereidoni
Ali
Moghimi
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Gap
Junctions (G.J) which provide the conduit for cations, second messengers and small
metabolites translocation between the neighbor cells are identified in the
central nervous system like as spinal cord. As the carbenoxolone is the most frequent
blockers of G.J, this study was to investigate the importance of G.J at the
level of spinal cord in inflammatory edema induced by formalin merely and at
the presence of normal and ultra-low dose of morphine.
METHODS: In this experimental study, 49 male Wistar rats (180-200g) except
control group were divided into 7 groups. First, animals were anesthetized and the center of atlas-occipital membrane was undergone surgery to create a small hole for
the passage of polyethylene tube. After recovery from cannulation surgery, they were classified in three
categories 1) intraperitoneal (i.p) saline, 2) normal dose of morphine (10mg/kg,
i.p) 3) ultra-low dose of morphine (1µg/kg, i.p) for intrathecal administration
(i.t). Each category was grouped in two groups of seven each (n=7) and one group
received saline (i.t) and the second one received carbenoxolone (1nM, i.t).
Inflammatory edema volume due to the sub plantar injection of formalin (0.05
ml, 2.5%) was assessed in all groups by using plethysmometric method one hour
after administration.
FINDINGS: I.t
injection of carbenoxolone reduced the inflammatory edema induced formalin (260±7.24)
(p<0.001), also in one hand, potentiated the anti-inflammatory effects of
morphine usual dose (220±20.12) (p<0.001) and on the other
hand, alleviated and reversed the pro-inflammatory effects of morphine
ultra-low dose (250±19.57) (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: The
results of this study showed that the G.J had an important role in the
inflammatory process probably with facilitating the release of inflammatory factors
from spinal glia cells.
Therefore, G.J blockage possibly diminished the translocation and release of inflammatory
mediators through the spinal cord and then leaded to alleviate the inflammatory
edema progression and changed the anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory effects of
morphine.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
10
2014
10
1
Studying the Cadmium Removability from Aqueous Solutions Using Raw Husk Rice, Bran and Rice Husk Silica
52
58
FA
Seyed Mahmood
Mehdinia
Khalilollah
Moeinian
Tayebe
Rastgoo
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Lately, extensive attention has been devoted to the study of heavy
metals removal from water and wastewater by the adsorbents resulted from
agricultural wastes. The aim of this study was to investigate the removability of cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solutions using raw rice
husk, rice bran and Silica
from rice husk in
different conditions.
METHODS: In this
experimental research, the adsorption of cadmium
using three adsorbents (raw rice husk, rice bran and rice husk silica) carried
out in bath reactors. Raw rice husk and rice bran were collected from north of
Iran. Rice husk silica was prepared in a furnace at 800 ºC for four hours,
after acid leaching. The efficiency of the adsorbents was studied in four
different statuses: different values of pH (5,
6, 7, 8 and 9), different concentrations of cadmium (1, 5, 10 and 15),
different dosages of adsorbents (0/5, 1 and 1/5) and different contact times
(30, 45, 60, 75 and 90). The standard method of atomic adsorption was used to measure
the concentration of cadmium.
FINDINGS: The maximum removal efficiency of cadmium was obtained by rice
bran up to 96.8% at 5 mg/l initial concentration of Cd, 90 min of contact time
and adsorbents dosage of 1.0 g/l. However, at the same condition, the
maximum removal efficiency of cadmium by raw rice husk and rice husk silica was
69.3% and 74.7%, respectively. Moreover, this study showed that there was a
significant relationship between the increase of the contact times and removal
efficiency of Cd in aquatic environments by three adsorbents (p<0.01).
CONCLUSION: Rice husk and the adsorbents derived from it could be considered
as effective and inexpensive adsorbents for removal of cadmium.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
10
2014
10
1
Effect of Education on Nutritional Behavior and Hot Flashes in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Women
59
67
FA
Mozhgan
Mirghafourvand
sekineh
Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi
Mehrnaz
Asghari
Jamileh
Malakouti
Saharnaz
Nedjat
Azam
Mohammadi
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Nutrition is considered as
an effective factor in reducing
the problems associated with menopause. The
aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional education on nutritional
behavior and the number of hot flashes in perimenopausal
and menopausal women.
METHODS: This
trial was conducted on 54 healthy married perimenopausal and menopausal women aged
45-60 years in Kaleybar city,
Eastern Azerbaijan, Iran. The participants were divided into two groups using randomized blocking method.
The experimental group received three sessions of 45 to 60-minute lecture
weekly about nutrition and
the control group received no intervention. Nutritional
behavior and the number of hot flashes were recorded and
investigated at baseline (before intervention), 8 and 12
weeks after intervention using
nutritional subscale of HPLP-П questionnaire and a checklist,
respectively (IRCT:2012111210324N6).
FINDINGS: 27 participants (100%) of
intervention group and 26 (96.3%) cases of control group completed the study. At
baseline, mean±SD of nutritional behavior score was 14.7±3.4 in the intervention and
14.8±13.8 in the control group from attainable
score of 10-40 and the difference between two
groups was not significant (p=0.910). With adjusting the baseline nutritional
behavior score,
the score in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in
control group at the end of both 8th
week [(mean difference: 7.7,
95% confidence interval: 6.4 to 9.0), p<0.001] and 12th week
[(8.9, 7.4 to 10.3), p>0.001]. Also, after adjusting the
baseline number of hot flashes, there was significant difference between two
groups (control and intervention ) in terms of hot flashes in both 8 weeks
[(-1.0, -1.5 to -0.4), p<0.001] and 12 weeks
after intervention [(-2.3, -3.1 to -1.5), p<0.001].
CONCLUSION: The
results showed that nutritional education improved nutritional behavior and reduced hot flashes in perimenopausal
and menopausal women.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
10
2014
10
1
Effect of a Walking Program on Metabolic Syndrome Indexes in Non-athlete Menopausal Women during 8 Weeks
68
74
FA
Mohsen
Salesi
Seyed Zoheir
Rabiee
Homa
Shikhani-Shahin
Hamidreza
Sadegipour
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome is the grouping of interrelated metabolic risk
factors in individuals. Metabolic syndrome significantly increases the risk of
developing type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Since physical activity
decreases the cardiovascular diseases, this study aimed at investigating the
effect of eight-week walking program on metabolic syndrome indexes in
non-athlete menopausal women.
METHODS: This study was
conducted on 32 healthy menopause 50-55-year-old women without any specific disorder. The
subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Waist
circumference, Waist-to-Hip ratio (WHR), CRP, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, glucose and
blood pressure were measured before exercise. Control group did their habitual
activities without doing any exercise. The experimental group started to do
exercise consisted of 30 minutes walking with %60- %75 of maximum heart rate, 3
sessions a week for 8 weeks. Two groups were evaluated using the same pretest
parameters after 8 weeks and the data were compared.
FINDINGS: So,
there were significant decreases of serum TG (133.3±48.7 mlg/dl),
TC (207.5±28.9), LDL-c (138.8±32.3), glucose (78.8±3.9), waist circumference
(87.5±8.3 cm) and the increase of HDL-c (53.7±10.5) in experimental group,
while there were no significant differences in control group. TC (experimental
group 207.5±28.9 control group 244.1±40.5) and systolic blood pressure
(experimental group 123.6±8.4 control group 131.8±7.2) in post-test were
significantly improved in experimental group as compared with control group.
CONCLUSION: The
results revealed that a regular physical activity program like walking could improve
the metabolic syndrome indexes in menopausal women. It seems that this type of
exercise can be an efficient, safe and inexpensive way to reduce and prevent
the metabolic syndrome.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
16
10
2014
10
1
Seroepidemiology of Measles and Rubella among Medical Sciences Students of Babol University in 2012
75
80
FA
Seyed Mohammad
Abdollahpour
Yousef
Yahyapour
Saeedeh
Dargahi
Fazilat
Tashakori
sedigheh
Alinejad
Mahmood
Hajiahmadi
BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Measles
and rubella are included vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. Despite
vaccination coverage, there is the possibility of sporadic cases and mortality,
especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to examine the
levels of antibodies to measles and rubella among medical students.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was
conducted on 236 students who were randomly selected in 2012. After filling out
a questionnaire containing demographic information and medical records, 5 cc
venous blood was collected from each individual and IgG antibody against
measles and rubella were tested by using ELISA.
FINDINGS: The mean age of 236 students was
22.12±3.35. 81 cases (34.3%) were male and 155 students (65.7%) were female,
169 (71.6%) and 67 students (28.4%) were native of Mazandaran province and
non-native, respectively. Rate of IgG antibody levels against measles in 123 students
(52.11%), 40 cases (16.94%) and 73 students (30.93%) were positive, suspected
and negative, respectively. This ratio for Rubella were identified in 233
(98.72%), 1 (0.42%) and 2 (0.84%) students, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The results showed that the immunity
level against rubella was acceptable, but it seems that the immunity level
against measles is not enough to prevent sporadic and small outbreaks of
measles. It is recommended that the serological status of measles should be
evaluated for preventive measures.