Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
1
2000
1
1
Effect of Diltiazem on the growth of long bones in rats
8
14
FA
A
Arzi
H
Rashidi
S
Farjad Nia
Objective: Diltiazem is a calcium channel-blocking agent. In this study effect of Diltiazem on the ossification and the linear growth of rat’s long bones of one, two and three months age was examined. Methods: Rats were weighed and marked and Diltiazem was administered as follows: A) One month old, 2 mg/kg/day, for one week. B) Two months old, 3 mg/kg/day, for one week. C) Three months old, 4 mg/kg/day, for one week. D) Three months old, 4 mg/kg/day, for two weeks. E) Three months old, 8 mg/kg/day, for two weeks. The same number of rats were used as control group (A, B, C, D, E) for each group, they received distilled water. At the end of drug administration, after studying the condition of animals, those, which showed noticeable differences in body skeleton, were chosen for radiographic investigation. Then the rats were sacrificed and the length of their long bones was measured and finally we conducted microscopic study of femur bone of test and control groups. Findings: The results of this study showed that: 1) There was an increase in the number of chondrocytes in growth plate which was accompanied with a decrease in calcification and ossification. 2) The length, curvature, diameter and weight of long bones increased, 3) The bone damage and osteoporosis in all treatment groups were seen. Conclusion: Due to basic role of calcium in osteoporosis during growth period, exposure with calcium channel blockers such as Diltiazem could be dangerous.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
1
2000
1
1
Detection of Alloxan induced Lipofuscin pigmentation in the cells of renal tubule of diabetic rats
15
20
FA
M
Pour Ghasem
M
Jalali
M
Nikravesh
M
Behnam Rasoli
N
Aminian
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease due to failure in insulin secretion function. Kidney is a target organ in diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of end stage renal disease and resulting in increased morbidity and mortality of affected individuals. Since diabetes is a progressive disease, early diagnosis serves better treatment. Methods: We induced diabetes in rat by alloxan administration after 8 weeks. We detected lipofuscin products with H;E, PAS and schmorl’s staining methods. Findings: Diabetic rats showed increasing lipofuscin in renal proximal tubular cells. Conclusion: Increased lipofuscin pigments is a good indicator for diagnosis of diabetes in rats.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
1
2000
1
1
Determination of the incidence of Salmonella contamination of eggs being consumed in Shiraz
21
25
FA
AA
Jamshidi
Objective: This descriptive study was conducted to determine the incidence of salmonella contamination of eggs being consumed in Shiraz. Methods: 500 eggs were selected randomly at different times on a basis of random sampling from four centers of egg distribution in the city. They were examined in microbiology lab for detection of salmonella, proteus and E.coli. Samples from the shell and contents of each of 500 eggs were taken for enrichment and inoculation on suitable selective culture media. Findings: 3 out of 500 eggs were shown to be positive for salmonella (0.6%). Salmonella typhimurium and c2 (Newport) were isolated from shell surfaces of two of the eggs and only one egg carried Sal.typhimurium in its contents. Furthermore, we isolated E.coli from 9% of the eggs (Either from shells or contents) and proteus from 16% of the eggs. Conclusion: The public health implications of salmonella infections through consumption of eggs have been discussed.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
1
2000
1
1
Self-medication of patients with common cold among 15-45 year old individuals, Babol, 1998
26
32
FA
AA
Moghadam Nia
R
Ghadimi
Objective: Self-medication is one of the most important health problems, which could result in many complications in the community. The annual money expresses on drugs for self-medication is considerable. One of these instances is the common cold for which people consume antibiotics in addition to symptom allaying drugs. The present study was designed to find self-medication methods and their comparison between rural and urban societies in 1999. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 961 rural and urban persons in the second half of the 1998. A systematic clustered sampling was performed with 25 persons in every cluster. The subjects were 15-45 years old. The data were gathered by testified questionnaire and then entered to code sheets and then analyzed with X² statistic test. The P<0.05 was considered significant. Findings: The mean age was 28.8±9.4 years old. This study showed that 40.4% of the affected patients with common cold referred to physicians. The rate of reference of 31-45 year old individuals was higher than that for 15-30 year-old persons (42% vs. 39.1%). Also the relationship of patients’ reference and education was surveyed. 44.8% of the patients with under six year education, 38.5% with 6-12 year, 8% (41.3) with over 12 year education referred to physicians, that was in significant. The rural subjects referred to the physicians more than the urban population, (47% vs. 35.8%) that was significant (P<0.0005). 81.3% of those who didn’t refer to a medical center started self-medication plans with antibiotics with a range of 1-14 day a mean of 4±2 days, of course 54% of the patients referred to the physicians after their self-medication. As well as, there was significant relationship between education and self-medication (P<0.0003). 86.1% of the patients could easily take the drugs from the pharmacy without any prescription. Conclusion: According to the results, the self-medication ratio is considerable in our society although, it is rather low in rural societies. Unfortunately, self-medication with antibiotics is very popular. By the way, these problems need a more careful supervision of the administrator. The physicians and the pharmacists in providing the patients with suitable information and not persuading them into self-medication.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
1
2000
1
1
Vesicourethral reflux in children with UTI, Amirkola Hospital, 1996-98
33
36
FA
H
Sorkhi
Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most important bacterial infections in children and vesicourethral reflux (VUR) is the most prevalent predisposing factor of UTI. Chronic renal failure due to hypertension and renal transplantation are complication of UTI. Treatment follow up of these patient are very important for prevention of these problems. Methods: During this descriptive study and cross sectional survey, we decided to evaluate the prevalence rate of VUR of all infants and children of one month to 14 years of age. They were diagnosed to have UTI after being referred to nephrology unit of Amirkola children’s hospital between 1996-98. On the basis of age, sex and severity, they evaluated by voiding cystourethrography and on the basis of clinical situation, admitted or treated as out patients. Findings: During this study, among 78 patients, 35 (46%) children had different grades of VUR. 15 patients (42%) were less than 2 years old, 6 cases were 2-5 years old and 14 cases (40%) were higher than 5 years old. 23 patients (66%) had bilateral VUR. Conclusion: The results indicate that half of the children with UTI have different grades of VUR. The majority of cases were under 2 years old, with as high risk for kidney damage.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
1
2000
1
1
A survey of Behvarzes, (Primary health care workers) reproductive behaviors in Babol, 1996
37
42
FA
A
Tirgar
M
Haji Ahmadi
Objective: Primary health care workers (Behvarzes) are responsible for a major part of family planning programs in rural areas. Therefore, to evaluate the practice of behvarzes in their own family planning, reproductive behaviors of all married behvarzes of Babol were investigated. Methods: A questionnaire was prepared by the investigator and completed by married behvarzes. Findings: The mean age of behvarzes was 30.01 years and the mean number of their children was 2.03. The investigation shows that female behvarzes had a better reproductive behavior than the male ones, based on the fact that they had fewer children (i.e. 1.7 in comparison with 2.7, P<0.005). Further more, according to higher mean age of marriage (P<0.001) and mean age of the first pregnancy (P<0.001), in this manner the prolonged interval of birth spacing and the mean interval between the last two pregnancies (P<0.025), female behvarzes had a better reproductive behavior than the views of the male behvarzes, it should be indicated that statistical tests show a significant difference between two groups except in one of those mentioned factors (i.e. the mean of birth spacing). The survey on family planning methods shows that only 57.4% of behvarzes practiced safe contraceptive methods. Conclusion: In general, the reproductive behaviors of female’s behvarzes were more acceptable than male behvarzes when compared to the rural women, behvarzes (Men and women) were better in their reproductive behaviors.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
1
2000
1
1
Epidemiology of Breech presentation of admitted pregnant women to emergency maternity centers of Kerman, 1997
43
46
FA
B.Sh
Aali
Objective: Breech is the most common presentation of the fetus after cephalic one. Maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity is relatively more frequent with this type of presentation. This study was done to obtain information about its epidemiology in Kerman. Methods: In a cross-sectional study during the year 1997, 1500 pregnant women admitted for delivery at the two major emergency maternity centers of Kerman city were studied. Findings: Incidence of breech presentation was 3.4%. There was a significant statistical relationship between breech presentation and route of delivery and also gestational age in this study. Conclusion: Incidence of breech presentation in Kerman is not different from that in other parts of the world. But its relationship with factors such as gestational age and route of delivery in comparison to cephalic presentation must be taken into consideration.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
1
2000
1
1
Height and weight of 2-6 year old pre-school children, Kashan, 1998
47
52
FA
A
Ershadi
N
Momtaz Manesh
H
Afzali
A
Talebian
Objective: Height and weight reflects growth status in children. For comparison standard data from the same race should be used unfortunately we have not yet conducted such a study on healthy Iranian children, so we have to use the data from developed countries as a reference. The purpose of this study is to find the normal range of weight and height in Kashani. The collected data are compared with their foreign counterparts. Methods: Early in 1998, a cross-sectional study was performed on 8543 healthy girls and boys. Height and weight were measured in these two to six year old children by health personnels in health centers in both urban and rural areas of Kashan. All health personnels had already participated in a special educational class before attending this study. The data collected over a 40-day period. We measured the weights with standard scales (Seca-Detecto-Smic) of the children with minimal clothing. Findings: In all age groups boys had a higher height and weight than girls. Similarly, urban children had higher values than their rural counterparts. There was a positive and direct correlation between height and weight. The correlation coefficient was (+0.45 – +0.75) and (+0.62 – +0.69) for girls and boys respectively. Conclusion: Weight and height values of Kashani children are different with their counterparts in other parts of the world. Therefore NCHS standards and the other similar foreign studies could not be accepted as references for our children especially those who live in Kashan. It is recommended to find the appropriate standards in our country.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
1
2000
1
1
A case report of Jervell Neilson syndrome in Babol
53
55
FA
Kh
Amou Zadeh
Objective: Jervell Neilson syndrome is a rare congenital disease, which manifests with prolonged QT-interval, deafness and recurrent syncope. This disease is transmitted in autosomal recessive form and in this paper we report a rare case of Jervell Neilson syndrome with recurrent syncope and deafness. Case: A 14-year boy, which had neural deafness since childhood referred with recurrent episodes of syncope. On physical examination, blood pressure, jugular venous pulse, the first and the second heart sounds were normal. Chest X-ray and ECHO-Cardiography were also normal. In ECG, there was prolonged QT interval. He was treated with beta-blocker agents and had no syncope after 3 years on follow up. Conclusion: Jervell Neilson syndrome must be considered in differential diagnosis of childhood syncope in order to prevent cardiac syncope complications.