Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
4
2000
10
1
Hemodynamic changes in patients with prophylactic Ephedrine before spinal anesthesia
7
11
FA
E
Alijan Pour
M
Rabiei
A
Akbari
Objective: For several surgical procedures spinal anesthesia is preferred to general anesthesia. However some of its most important effects are reducing blood pressure (Hypotension) and heart rate. In this study, we evaluated the effect of prophylactic intramuscular ephedrine before spinal anesthesia. Methods: This study was conducted on 100 cases in ASA class I (American society of anesthesiologists) between 20-60 years old who had no co-existing disease. They were randomly divided into two groups (Each with 50 cases). The test group received 25mg (0.5ml) intramuscular ephedrine 10-15 minutes before spinal anesthesia and the subjects in control group received 5ml normal saline (0.9%) as placebo. After receiving 500ml Ringer’s solution, spinal anesthesia with 2cc lidocaine 5% was done. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure have been measured seven times before ephedrine and placebo injection, before spinal anesthesia and during the procedure at the 2nd, 5th, 15th, 30th and 45th minutes. Then data were rerecorded and compared. Findings: In this study, those who received prophylactic ephedrine had a raised heart rate and blood pressure before spinal anesthesia, but this rise was not more than 10% of the baseline and there was no need to treat their hypotension or reduced heart rate during anesthesia or the operation. But 28% of control group have received ephedrine for treatment of hypotension and 36% of them received atropine to manage bradycardia. After statistical analysis and comparing of these two groups, we have seen that the range of fall of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the study group was narrower than that in control group and their differences were meaningful (P=0.000). Conclusion: The results show that the patients, who have received intramuscular ephedrine before spinal anesthesia, have a rather higher level of hemodynamic stability. Therefore, in patients for whom hemodynamic changes, specially a reduced blood pressure is dangerous such as those with a heart disease, old patients or those undergoing caesarean section using of this method could be useful.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
4
2000
10
1
Effect of Caffeine on the retention and retrieval of memory in mice
12
16
FA
A
Arzi
AA
Naderi
Objective: Caffeine consumption may reinforce and/or deteriorate memory and learning this is related to the dose of caffeine. The effect of caffeine on retention and retrieval of memory in mice, by using of passive avoidance learning was investigated. Methods: For this purpose after weighing, coding and grouping, the mice were examined as follows: a) Test group that received electric shock and caffeine (5 mg/kg). B) Control group that received electric shock and saline (IP). C) Shame group that only received electric shock. The latency period for both retention and retrieval tests of memory in all three groups of mice were measured. Caffeine was injected immediately after an electric shock in the retention test of memory and 23,30´ hours after electric shock in the retrieval test of memory. Findings: Obtained results indicate that caffeine (5 mg/kg) reinforced retention of memory, but in comparison with control group, there was no significant difference and also it caused to reinforces retrieval of memory, but in comparison with control group, there was a significant difference. Conclusion: The results indicate that caffeine (5 mg/kg) has no effect on retention of memory, but it reinforces the retrieval of memory.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
4
2000
10
1
Efficacy of Co-trimoxazol and Rifampine in treatment of childhood Brucellosis
17
20
FA
MR
Hassanjani Roshan
Y
ZahedPasha
Objective: Brucellosis is a common infectious disease in our country and it is frequently seen in children. Since different therapeutic methods for childhood Brucellosis are suggested, this study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of Co-trimoxazol and Rifampine in the treatment of children with Brucellosis. Methods: This study was conducted on 96 cases of childhood Brucellosis without any control group in Babol during 1995 to 1998. After diagnosis of Brucellosis all patients were treated by Co-trimoxazol and Rifampine for six weeks, and then all patients were followed for 12 months. Findings: From a total of 96 cases, 53 (55%) were male and 43 (45%) were female. Mean age was 10.3±3.4 years. The mean interval between presentation of the disease and the final diagnosis was 27±17 days. 82 cases completed the treatment and followed up for 12 months, and 2 cases (2.4%) had relapses. Conclusion: Combination therapy with Co-trimoxazol and Rifampine for six weeks is a good regimen with a low relapse rate, however further controlled trials must confirm these results.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
4
2000
10
1
The comparison of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in infertile couples due to male factor with infertility that is unexplained
21
24
FA
T
Nazari
M
Haji Ahmadi
F
Nozari
Objective: Intrauterine insemination is one of the treatment methods for infertility. This study assesses the results of IUI in two groups, which include of male factor infertility and infertility that is unexplained. Methods: This study was done in the form of census on the bases of data in 223 files of infertile patients who referred to Fatemeh Zahra fertility and infertility center of Babol. These data showed that clomiphene alone or clomiphene with HMG was used to induce ovulation for every patient. Then they were followed by vaginal sonography and after having at least one follicle (18mm or more) they received HCG and finally after two weeks βHCG was done for pregnancy test. Then the analysis of obtained results was done by Chi-square and T-test. Findings: 223 patients undergone with a total of 419 times of IUI. Of these, 134 had a male factor and underwent 234 IUIs, as a result 15 women were successfully conceived (11.2% for every patient and 6.4% for every menstrual cycle). 89 patients in unexplained infertile group underwent 185 IUIs resulting in 4 cases of pregnancy and pregnancy rate of every patient was 4.2% and for every menstrual cycle 2.1%. In 50 infertile patients with male factor whose sperm counts were under 10 millions/ml. (Severe oligospermia) there was only one pregnancy (0.7%). Conclusion: In treatment of infertile patients with male factor, specially those who without a severe oligospermia compared with unexplained infertile patients, IUI and COH (Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation) was more successful.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
4
2000
10
1
Aluminium phosphide poisoning in mice and the procedure for its managements
25
33
FA
AA
Moghadam Nia
AR
Firooz Jahi
Sh
Javadian
N
Dibavand
Objective: Aluminium phosphide (ALP) cause cellular death by releasing of phosphorus. This material is also a household fumigant insecticide used in rice bags. It is known as “Rice tablet” in Iran. We studied ALP poisoning intensity in mice and tried to obtain antidote against that poison. Methods: We used 20-30 gr white male mice in this study. Acute and chronic (24-48 hr next) poisoning effects of the ALP (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) on the heart, lung, kidney and liver were studied by a pathologist. All of the drugs were injected IP. Then data were analyzed with statistical methods. Difference with P<0.05 between data from experimental groups at each point was considered statistically significant. Findings: The dosage of 40 mg/kg was considered as LD50 of ALP. The mice were exposed to this dosage died during 35±15 min. The pathologic reports showed that the most common changes were in the liver. The pretreatment of sodium selenite has not affected the mortality time, but it decreased the pulmonary and hepatic complications (Edema and fatty changes, P=0.028). NAC (50-100 mg/kg) also improved the hepatic complications and prevented the hepatic necrosis (P=0.0002). It also delayed the mortality latency time till 138±13 hrs (P<0.001). There was a significant delay in mortality latency time between the group-received vitamin C (500-1000 mg/kg) and the control group (250±70 min vs 46±12, P<0.0005). Conclusion: Pretreatment of sodium selenite dose not improve the mortality rate except the pathologic results, but NAC delays the mortality time and improves the hepatic complications completely. There was no considerable effect for magnesium sulfate in our study.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
4
2000
10
1
Assessing the frequency of bacterial agents of newborn septicemia and detection of their resistance to antibiotics in Hamadan during 1998-99
34
40
FA
R
Yousefi Mashoof
Objective: Bacterial septicemia is one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity especially in developing countries. The objective of the present study was to identify the bacterial agents of septicemia, detection of their resistance and consideration of other septicemia factors. Methods: In order to find out the causative agents in Hamadan, a cross-sectional study was carried out on 620 neonates suspected of contracting bacterial septicemia. Antibiotic resistance tests were done by gel-diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer. Findings: The results indicated that 104 cases of 620 blood cultures (16.8%) were positive, the most common isolated bacteria included pseudomonas 26.9%, Klebsiella 25%, Staph aureus 14.4%, E.coli 13.5% and Staph epidermitis 7.7%. There was a high risk of infection among neonates weighing 1000-1500 gr. The results of antibiotic resistance showed that gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to Ciprofloxacine and Ceftizoxime. Conclusion: This study showed that septicemia is one of the major problems in neonatal in our country, thus more professional vigilance is required.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
4
2000
10
1
The comparison of two measuring methods of Glycolated hemoglobin in fasting and non-fasting conditions
41
45
FA
H
Alaoddolei
J
Vahab Zanjani
F
Sadighian
Objective: Glycolated Hb is a valuable marker for identification and treatment of diabetics. It shows the mean of blood glucose level during the last 2-3 months. There are different methods (Electrophoresis, colorimetry, …) for evaluation of this indicator with advantages or disadvantages for each. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study that was done on patients referred to Shahid Beheshti hospital in Babol with their fasting blood samples collected. Also 30 persons were selected for evaluation of two methods (Electrophoresis and colorimetry) of measurement of glycolated Hb in fasting and non-fasting conditions. Findings: Mean of GHb by electrophoresis in fasting was 10.01% and in non-fasting was 11.04%. This marker by colorimetric method in fasting and non-fasting was 362.4 and 361.5 nmol/gHb respectively. The difference of GHb by electrophoresis between fasting and non-fasting conditions was significantly (P<0.001), but for colorimetry was significant. Conclusion: GHb is a good marker of the mean value of glucose level for the recent 2-3 months of the individuals. Electrophoresis is a simple method, but regarding the findings taking the samples infasting is strictly recommended. Colorimetric method had not been influenced by the level of glucose at the time of sampling. But this method must be calibrated well.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
4
2000
10
1
Serum Erythropoietin level in children with different degrees of chronic renal failure
46
50
FA
Gh
Al-Hosseini Hashemi
H
Sorkhi
A
Ghaderi
Objective: Kidneys are major sites of erythropoietin production and in chronic renal failure (CRF), erythropoietin production decreases and leads to anemia. This study was done in children with different degrees of CRF and with primary disease of tubules and glomeruli. Methods: In this study 45 children with CRF and glomerular filtration rate, less than 50ml per minute for 1.73 m2 of body surface were divided into moderate, severe and end stage renal disease (ESRD). Serum hemoglobin and erythropoietin levels were evaluated with severity of CRF. Findings: The mean of serum erythropoietin level in normal group was 10.9 mlu/ml and in moderate, severe and ESRD were 13.5, 9.7 and 9.1 mlu/ml respectively. Erythropoietin level in primary tubular disease were 13.9, 13.6 and 10.5 mlu/ml and in glomerular disease were 12.75, 7 and 7.5 mlu/ml. Conclusion: The comparison of hemoglobin and erythropoietin in these group shows that the less the renal function, the more severe the anemia and there was not a significant difference in the level of serum erythropoietin in tubular or glomerular disease.
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2
4
2000
10
1
A case report of bilateral ovarian cysts in a 33 week fetus
51
54
FA
S
Esmaeil Zadeh
N
Asnafi
Objective: Ovarian cysts rarely develop in female fetuses and they may be accidentally detected in a routine ultrasonography performed for evaluation of the fetal health condition during pregnancy. The formation of ovarian cyst in fetus accompanies severe stimulation of maternal and placental hormones. Case: A 25 years old women in her first pregnancy that had a fetus with two cysts in ovary detected by ultrasonography. 4.5 months after delivery, these cysts were resolved spontaneously without any complications. Conclusion: We can follow this patient with bilateral ovarian cysts with conservative treatment (Without surgery) and we recommend surgical management in an emergency situation (i.e. rupture or torsion of the cysts).