Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC ACTIVITY, ACUTE TOXICITY AND HYPERICINS CONTENT OF IRANIAN HYPERICUM PERFORATUM
7
14
FA
M
M. Mahmoudi,
Y
A
Javanmardi
N
K
Morteza Semnani
N
M
Saeedi
N
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Hypericum perforatum is a medicinal plant which has been known in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory and healing agent. This study was done to determine the effect of anti inflammatory, analgesic activity and acute toxicity of this plant.METHODS: In this experimental study, the plant extracted by soxhlet with methanol. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of extract were studied using carrageenan induced rat paw edema, formalin, hot plate and writhing tests. Motor coordination was assessed using Rotarod test and acute toxicity (LD50) was determined using probit method. ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test were used to determine significant differences between groups and p<0.05 was considered significant. FINDINGS: Similar activity against carrageenan-induced rat paw edema was observed with hypericum perforatum extract (100 and 150 mg/kg) and indomethacin (4 mg/kg). In the formalin test, the extract (25-250 mg/kg, i.p.) caused graded inhibition of both phases of formalin-induced pain (p<0.001). In the hot plate test, the i.p. administration of the extract at the doses of 25- 250 mg/kg significantly raised the pain threshold at a observation time of 30 min in comparison with the control group (p<0.001). In the writhing test, the extract at doses of 25 mg/kg (p<0.05), 50, 75, 100 and 150mg/kg (p<0.001) produced a significant decrease in the number of writhing in comparison with the control group. The extract, at antinociceptive doses, did not affect motor coordination of animals when assessed in the rotarod model. The 72 hr acute LD50 value of this extract after i.p. administration in mice was 1111.47 mg/kg. The total content of hypericins was determined 0.101±0.003 in this plant. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, hypericum perforatum can be introduced as an anti-analgesic and anti-inflammatory plant.
Hypericum perforatum, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Acute toxicity, Hypericin
http://jbums.org/article-1-3007-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3007-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
EFFECT OF IV DEXAMETHASONE ON INCIDENCE OF NAUSEA AND VOMITING AND BEGINNING OF ORAL INTAKE IN ADENOTONSILLECTOMY
15
19
FA
A
A. Etemadi Aleagha,
Y
N
Esfahani
N
F
Haji Mohammadi
N
B
Hosseinzadeh Zoroofchi
N
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy are two of the most common surgical procedures performed in children. Although new surgical technique has reduced immediate postoperative hemorrhage, other complications such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), pain, poor oral intake, dehydration and fever, however, continues to be a concern in children undergoing tonsillectomy. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether one single, large dose of IV dexamethasone administered before surgery could decrease PONV and improve oral intake after surgery.METHODS: This study was performed on 50 children, 2-12 yr of age undergoing adenotonsillectomy. To specifically delineate the contribution of dexamethasone, all anesthetic and nonanesthetic factors that could influence the incidence of PONV were standardized. Each child received dexamethasone 1 mg/kg (maximal dose 25 mg) (steroid group) or an equal volume of saline (control group) before initiation of surgery.FINDINGS: Twenty seven children were in steroid group and 23 children were in control group. There were no significant differences between two groups with respect to age, weigh and sex but the incidence of PONV was lower in steroid group in both in the recovery (0.00 vs. 0.30 ± 0.5 in control group) ( p= 0.007) and in the ward (0.22 ± 0.6 vs. 0.82 ± 0.9 in control group) (p= 0.010). Oral intake begins after 1.64 ± 0.74 hr vs. 1.96 ± 1.1 in control group. CONCLUSION: Compared with placebo, dexamethasone significantly decreased the incidence of PONV in the immediate and late post operative period (6 hr and 6-24 hr, respectively) but it didn influence oral intake.
Dexamethasone, Nausea and vomiting, Adenotonsillectomy
http://jbums.org/article-1-3001-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3001-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
NULL
20
25
FA
Y
N
N
N
NULL
NULL
http://jbums.org/article-1-3119-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3119-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
EFFECT OF HEAT ON THE STAPHYLOCOCCI AND E. COLI RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS
26
31
FA
Z
Moulana
Y
Z
Shahandeh
N
M
Haji Ahmadi
N
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: One of the most important problems in treatment of infectious diseases is antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics in different ways which the most common one is the plasmid-origin resistance. Since some plasmids have a kind of replication system which is sensitive to heat and eliminated by growing in unauthorized heat, the objective of this study was to survey the possibility of changing in antibiotic resistant bacteria by heat. METHODS: In this experimental and interventional study after collecting clinical samples, different tests were done to recognize bacteria completely. For every sample, at first an antibiogram test was done by disk diffusion method. Then bacteria incubated in the BHI broth during 24 hours at 43.5°c, in the next step, bacteria were captured in BHI agar during 24 hours at 35°c and finally the second antibiogram was carried out by disk diffusion. P<0.05 was considered significant.FINDINGS: Among the staphylococcus, the most changes belonged to oxaciline (11%) which p<0.0001 was considered significant while no changes were seen in rifampicin. Among the E. coli, the most changes belonged to ampicilin (7%) which p<0.0001 was considered significant while no changes were seen in ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin antibiotics.CONCLUSION: Heat can cause bacteria to change from antibiotic resistant bacteria to antibiotic semi-sensitive and sensitive bacteria.
Escherichia.coli, Staphylococcus, Heat, Resistance to antibiotic
http://jbums.org/article-1-3008-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3008-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
THE EFFECT OF GINGER BISCUIT ON NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN EARLY PREGNANCY
32
37
FA
Z
Basirat
Y
AK
Moghadamnia
N
A
Sharifi Razavi
N
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Nausea and vomiting of early pregnancy (NVP) are often alleviated by eating dried biscuits or food. Natural products such as ginger have been suggested as herbal medicine for its treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of ginger in biscuit form for the treatment.METHODS: This study was performed on 65 pregnant women with NVP before 17 weeks’ gestation during 2004-2005. The subjects were randomized in a double-blind design and divided into two groups to take biscuits. Ginger (0.5 g) as fine powder was incorporated in each biscuit. Subjects received 5 ginger biscuits per day or an identical placebo biscuit for 4 days. They graded their severity of nausea using visual analog scales and recorded the number of vomiting episodes in the previous 24 hours and again during 4 consecutive days. Obtained data between two groups were compared using Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon Sumrank and Kruskall-Wallis H tests.FINDINGS: All subjects except 3 in the ginger group remained in the study. The visual analog scores of post-therapy minus baseline nausea decreased significantly in ginger (2.6±1.83) compared with the placebo group (1.4±1.97, p=0.015). The number of vomiting episodes also decreased in ginger (0.96±1.2) and placebo group (0.6±1.4). CONCLUSION: Ginger in biscuit form is effective for relieving the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.
Nausea, Vomiting, Pregnancy, Ginger, Biscuit
http://jbums.org/article-1-3000-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3000-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
COMPARISON OF EARLY PREGNANCY OUTCOME WITH AND WITHOUT PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANE
38
42
FA
N
Asnafi
Y
F
Sharifi
N
K
Hajian
N
G
Yousefian
N
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Preterm labor is associated with a high rate of mortality for mother and neonate that may be with or without premature rupture of membrane (PPROM). The goal of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcome in these two conditions, thus with prediction of condition of the mother and neonate to provide necessary care for them to decrease maternal and neonatal complications. METHODS: This descriptive, analytical and cross sectional study was performed on 100 patients with PPROM (group1) and 100 patients without PPROM (group 2) in Yahyanejad hospital in Babol. Apgar score at 1st and 5th minutes, need to neonatal resuscitation and referring neonates to NICU and also the rate of chorioamnionitis and maternal cesarean were compared in two groups.FINDINGS: The apgar score of ≤3 at the 1st and 5th minutes and need to neonatal resuscitation in two groups showed no statistically significant differences (8%, 4% and 29% in group 1 and 7%, 3% and 38% in group 2, respectively) but referring neonates to NICU was significantly different in two groups (45% in group 1 and 60% in group 2) (p<0.05). The prevalence of chorioamnionitis and cesarean section in group 1 (0% and 25%, respectively) was less than group 2 (17% and 37%, respectively) (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: This study show that the rate of chorioamnionitis, cesarean section and the need of neonates to refer to NICU in group 2 were more than group 1. So it is suggested to pay more attention to prevention, diagnosis and early treatment of preterm labor with PPROM.
Preterm labor, Chorioamnionitis, Apgar score, Resuscitation
http://jbums.org/article-1-2999-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-2999-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
RELATION OF APHASIA SUBTYPES AND DISABILITY SCORE IN STROKE PATIENTS
43
47
FA
S
Ghandehari
Y
K
Ghandehari
N
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Aphasia is a common manifestation of stroke. Aphasia increases the disability score in stroke patients due to communication disorders and associated right sided hemiplegia. This study was done to evaluate the relation of aphasia with disability score in the stroke patients. METHODS: Consecutive stroke patients admitted in Valie-Asr hospital, Khorasan enrolled in a prospective study in 2005. Aphasia and its subtypes were detected by neurologist and linguistician based on the British criteria. Disability scored according to the Rankin scale 72 hours post stroke. Mean of disability score (MDS) was analyzed by Tuki range and Variance tests and p<0.05 was considered significant.FINDINGS: Three hundred and twenty nine patients (175 females and 154 males) with stroke were evaluated. Aphasia was found in 106 (32%) of these patients. Stroke patients with aphasia had significantly higher MDS than other stroke patients T=2.6, df=327, p=0.01. Patients with Global aphasia had significantly higher MDS than patients without aphasia and patients with Wernicke aphasia (p<0.001, p=0.006 respectively). However, patients with Global aphasia had non-significant difference of MDS to patients with Broca aphasia (p=0.06).CONCLUSION: Aphasia is an important effector in disability of stroke patients. Aphasia increases the stroke disability and reduces future recovery in the stroke patients following rehabilitation.
Aphasia, Disability, Stroke
http://jbums.org/article-1-3003-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3003-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
THE EFFECT OF STARTING TREATMENT IN THE PREVALENCE OF SCAPHOID NON:union:
48
51
FA
MH
Kariminasab,
Y
M
Shayesteh Azar
N
E
Shafiei
N
M
Sajaddi Saravi
N
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Scaphoid fractures are the most common wrist fractures immobilization of wrist by plaster of Paris is the treatment of choice in persisting fractures of the middle and terminal part of the scaphoid. Many factors are effective on non:::union::: of scaphoid bone. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between delay in starting treatment (1 to 3 weeks) with prevalence rate of fracture non:::union:::. METHODS: In this study, the result of :::union::: in 57 patients with middle part fracture of the scaphoid and 1 to 3 weeks delay in treatment was compared with 60 patients as control who referred for treatment on the first day of fracture. FINDINGS: Out of 57 cases under study, in 8 there was non:::union::: and in the control group, only 2 patients had non:::union:::, which indicated delay in treatment is significantly effective on nonn:::union::: of scaphoid fractures (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is recommended that in case of feeling pain and sensitivity on the snuff box after trauma to wrist even when there is no evidence of fracture line in radiography be considered scaphoid fracture and treatment with plastering be undertaken and delay in starting treatment due to the increase in prevalence rate of scaphoid non:::union:::.
Scaphoid fractures, Complication, Non:union:
http://jbums.org/article-1-3006-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3006-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
NULL
52
56
FA
Y
N
N
N
N
NULL
NULL
http://jbums.org/article-1-3120-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3120-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
EFFECT OF ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS AND ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF INFANTS AT BIRTH
57
63
FA
N
Aminisani
Y
F
Ehdaeevand
N
SM
Shamshirgaran
N
S
Sadeghieh Ahari
N
N
Abbasgholizadeh
N
M
Barak
N
K
Ramzanzadeh
N
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Maternal zinc supplementation has been suggested as a potential intervention to reduce the incidence of low birth weight (LWB). The results of placebo-controlled trials are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on pregnancy complications and outcome. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 196 women who were selected from health care centers in Ardabil between 16-20 wk of pregnancy. Then, they randomly were allocated to receive zinc supplementation (as 220mg zinc sulfate) or placebo. All information of baseline characteristics, follow up forms, pregnancy complications and anthropometric measurement of infants were collected by trained midwifes. FINDINGS: Seventeen of the 196 women were excluded from study. The incidence of low birth weight (<2500 gr) was different significantly after zinc supplementation in placebo group (p=0.01). Also birth weight was higher in zinc group than placebo group (p=0.03). No significant effect of treatment was observed on pregnancy complications. However, pregnancy induced hypertension and IUGR were observed only in placebo group. CONCLUSION: This study showed zinc supplementation during pregnancy improved birth weight and reduced low birth weight.
Zinc, Supplementation, Pregnancy, Infant
http://jbums.org/article-1-2998-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-2998-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
ACCURACY EVALUATION OF PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY IN DETECTING THE POSITION OF THIRD MOLAR ROOTS
64
69
FA
S
S. Haghanifar
Y
K
Nosrati
N
M
Mehryari
N
A
Bijani
N
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Correct radiographic interpretation, especially for root morphology is a useful way to choose open or close surgery and to avoid root fracture during tooth extraction. Since, the third molar has the most irregular and unpredictable root position between all teeth, this study was performed to evaluate the accuracy of panoramic radiography in detecting the position of third molar roots.METHODS: This cross–sectional and analytical study was performed on 38 patients (49 third molar teeth) who referred to Babol dental school during 2003-2005. Panoramic radiographs were taken from patients in the standard condition and two specialists of oral and maxillofacial radiology and surgery were asked to complete the questionnaire about radiographic interpretation of third molar before surgery. The questionnaire contained the number of tooth roots, relation between roots and relation between root angle and crown. After surgery tooth position was evaluated again. Presurgical and post–surgical radiographic findings were compared and then data were analyzed using paired t-test, X2, Linear regression and Pearson correlation coefficient.FINDINGS: In this study, the accuracy of interpretation of panoramic radiographs in evaluation of number of third molar roots and relation between roots (fused or non fused) was 64.3% and 63.3%, respectively. For the root angle to crown, the radiographic interpretation significantly estimated accurate angle (p<0.0001).CONCLUSION: According to the results, panoramic radiography is a useful method for evaluation of the third molar position. Nevertheless, we must be aware of its high diagnostic error rate in evaluation of morphological details of root (number of roots and relation between roots).
Dental radiography, Panoramic, Third molar tooth
http://jbums.org/article-1-3004-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3004-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
ASSESSMENT OF RADIOMORPHOMETRIC AND RADIOMORPHOLOGIC INDICES IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
70
75
FA
SH
Sakhdari,
Y
A
Shirzad
N
A
Bijani
N
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis, the most common metabolic disease, significantly decreases bone mineral density especially among post menopausal women. Techniques of screening osteoporosis are very expensive and needs the skill of an expert. The aim of this study was to assess the radiomorphometric and radiomorphologic indices in post menopausal women.METHODS: This cross sectional, descriptive and analytical study was performed on 40 postmenopausal women who were referred to the oral and maxillofacial radiology department of the dental faculty in 2004. Mental index (MI), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical index (MCI) and gonial index (GI) were assessed on their standard panoramic radiographs. Age, menopausal duration, dental condition, educational level, history of fracture and number of deliveries were also recorded and data was analyzed using T test, Man-whitney test, Pearson & Spearman correlation test and regression analysis. FINDINGS: Age and menopausal duration have inverse significant correlation with GI, PMI and MI and direct significant correlation with MCI (p<0.001). Dental condition and educational level significantly correlate with MI (p=0.03, p=0.04) and PMI (p=0.01, p=0.03) while, had no significant correlation with MCI and GI. Number of deliveries and history of fracture had no significant correlation with any of indices. CONCLUSION: Age and menopausal duration have more effect on MI, PMI, GI and MCI. MI and PMI correlate with more variables and they might be useful for prognosis and screening those patients with low bone mineral density.
Osteoporosis, Menopause, Panoramic radiography, Mental index
http://jbums.org/article-1-3009-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3009-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
AEROBIC EXERCISE PROGRAM ON THE INTENSITY OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
76
80
FA
Z
Fotokian,
Y
F
Ghaffari
N
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: One of the psychosomatic problems related to female reproductive performance is premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and it may cause a decrease in educational status. Exercise as one of the treatment procedures can effect on andorphines secretion and reduce PMS. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise program on the intensity of PMS.METHODS: This clinical trial study was performed on 80 nursing students in BSc degree with PMS. They were randomly divided into case and control groups. A questionnaire used to collect data for evaluating the prevalence and intensity of premenstrual symptoms. Control group followed an 8 week regular exercise program. The intensity of premenstrual syndrome in both groups at the beginning and end of study was determined and compared.FINDINGS: There was no significant difference between two groups regarding the mean of premenstrual syndrome intensity at the baseline. The mean of intensity of premenstrual syndrome was decreased after exercise in case group (p<0.01), but no change was seen in control group.CONCLUSION: The results showed that aerobic exercise program can decrease the intensity of PMS. So the authorities should apply educational strategies to decrease PMS by programming aerobic exercise in order to support students’ psychiatric and somatic health.
Premenstrual syndrome, Group aerobic exercises, Students
http://jbums.org/article-1-3002-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3002-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
PHENOTYPIC STUDY AND MOLECULA ANALYSIS OF VON WILLEBRAND TYPE 1 PATIENTS
81
89
FA
SMB
Hashemi Soteh
Y
N
Rezaei
N
A
Goodeve
N
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Von willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common bleeding disorder caused by von willbrand factor (VWF) deficiency and autosomal dominance inheritance pattern. It is divided into three types, one and three (quantitative) and type 2 (qualitative). Type one is known with mild bleeding symptoms in comparison with type 3. The aim of this study was to determine the mutations responsible for the type one VWD.METHODS: DNA was extracted from affected members of the family with type 1 VWD and the von willebrand gene was amplified using 63 different PCR. Then PCR fragments were analyzed using CSGE gel electrophoresis, and the fragments with the extra bands were analyzed using DNA sequencing.FINDINGS: The average of von willebrand antigen and VWF activity were found 35.18 and 31.4 unit/deciliter in 23 patients from 6 families, respectively. Mutations were found in 4 families from 6. Argenine 1205 to histidine in 2 families and two new mutations including glysine 19 to arginine in exon 2 and a nucleotide change 2821 guanine to adenine (G>A) in intron 21 splice site in two other families. No mutation was found in two other families.CONCLUSION: This study showed that different kind of mutations causing von willebrand disease in different families.
Von willebrand disease, Mutation detection, Molecular analysis
http://jbums.org/article-1-3005-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3005-en.pdf
Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
1561-4107
2251-7170
8
4
2006
8
1
NULL
90
93
FA
Y
N
NULL
NULL
http://jbums.org/article-1-3121-en.html
http://jbums.org/article-1-3121-en.pdf