@article{ author = {Kashifard, M and Alijanpour, E and Hoseinian, M}, title = {A Comparison between the Effect of Halothane and Propofol on Liver Enzymes after General Anesthesia}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Halothane is the most common inhalation anesthetic drug in the world and there is an increasing interest for using intravenous anesthetics like propofol. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of halothane and propofol on hepatic enzymes after general anesthesia. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 58 patients (14-69 years old) classified in class I of American Society of Anesthetics. These patients who had no preliminary symptomatic hepatic, cardiac or renal disease admitted for elective surgery (ENT, eye, orthopedics, general surgery, and urology). These patients were divided randomly into two groups: 30 patients in the propofol group and 28 patients in the halothane group. In both groups, pre-medication and induction of anesthesia were the same. For the maintenance of anesthesia in the study group there was continuous infusion of propofol and for the control group, 0.5-1% halothane inhalation. From all the patients, three blood samples were taken separately prior to the anesthesia, twenty four hours and seven days after the anesthesia. These samples were tested and compared for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphates (ALP) and Billirubin (total and direct)FINDINGS: Mean anesthesia duration in propofol group was 91±14.7 minute and in halothan group was 93.2±17 minute that there was not statistically significant difference in duration of anesthesia between the two groups. Seven days after anesthesia ALP, the total and direct billirubine levels did not show significant differences between the two groups. However, AST (p=0.008) and ALT (p=0.003) increased in halothane group in compared with propofol group.CONCLUSION: The results show that propofol has less effect on liver enzymes as compared to halothane. This can be considered in anesthetic drug usage.}, Keywords = {Halothane, Propofol, Liver enzymes, General anesthesia}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {7-13}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3714-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3714-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Heidari, MR and Heidari, MR and Naghibi, B and Mirshamsi, MR and Vafazadeh, J and Heidari, M and Dabiri, SH and Abbasifard, M}, title = {Effects of Anacardium Occidentale Extract on Histopathology and Hepato- Renal Function Tests in Rats}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In Iranian traditional medicine, the core of the fruit of Anacardium occidentale (A.O) was used for relief of pain. Significant analgesic effect of A.O methanolic extract was reported previously. By considering the hepato-renal adverse effects of common analgesic drugs, therefore the hepatorenal toxicity of percolated extract of A.O were investigated in this study. METHODS: In this experimental study, 30 male rats between 190-270 g weight (five groups of six male rats in each group) were used. The extract was administered orally to three groups of 6 male rats with doses of 200, 400 and 800mg/kg every 24 hours for 7 days. Normal saline was administered 5ml/kg, in control group. One other control group was used without any treatment (Sham). At the end of 7th day, urine, blood and tissue specimen were collected for analysis. In second phase of the experiment, the blood enzymes including Alanin transpherase (ALT), Aspartate transpherase (AST), Alkalin phosphatase (ALP), and the serum creatinin (Cr), and the Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and urinary enzymes activity including gama-glutamil transpherase (GGT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), changes in the left kidney weight were determined. In third phase of the experiment, histopatological study in kidney and liver were evaluated.FINDINGS: Renal function tests showed, there were no significant differences in BUN and creatinin levels of the control and extract treated groups, and histopathological studies showed no changes in tubules of kidneys, but there was little changes at doses of 800mg/kg. There were significant increases in AST levels at doses of 400 and 800mg/kg (p<0.05) but there was a significant decrease in ALT levels only at doses of 400mg/kg (p<0.01). There was a significant decrease in ALP levels in 200mg/kg group in comparison to Sham groups (p<0.01). The histopathologic studies of liver showed evidence of hepatotoxicity with high dose of 800mg/kg.CONCLUSION: The results showed no hepatorenal toxicity after oral administration of 200 and 400mg/kg methanolic extract of (A.O). But there were some evidences for hepatorenal toxicity with higher doses of extract, 800mg/kg (A.O). Since therapeutic analgesic dose (200 mg/kg) of A.O did not induce any hepatorenal toxicity, therefore it seems that the A.O is a suitable plant for further investigation for introducing as analgesic drug for clinical use.}, Keywords = {Anacardium Occidental, Hepatotoxicity, Renal toxicity, Methanolic extract}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {14-21}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3712-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3712-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Razavian, MH and Safarpour, E and Roshanai, K and Yazdian, MR and Heidarieh, N}, title = {Study of Some Biochemical and Hematological Parameters Changes of Wistar Rats Blood Parallel to Oral Nanosilver Consumption}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nano particles because of the marvelous anti–microbe effects and increasing consumption in different industries are part of the most usable of these particles which this has increased the necessity of the study on the safety of using these materials. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of time and consumption dose of these particles on the some biochemical and blood parameters of rats of wistar race. METHODS: Thirty six Wistar race rats after 4 week similarization period divided to 6 groups of 6 rats (one control and five tests). Nanosilver (nanocid L2000) solution was purchased from NanoNasb-e-Pars Co and 95PPm, 65PPm, 35PPm, 20PPm and 5PPm concentrations were prepared. Then above solutions were used as water for 6 months. Three rats of each group were randomly selected after 3 and 6 months and biochemical parameters, Hb and HCT was measured and compared in different groups. FINDINGS: There are no significant changes in the rats blood cholesterol and sugar in the form of dose/time dependent manner in spite the fact that increasing the blood sugar level in all doses specially 35PPm after six months was considerable. The blood triglyceride level showed significantly decrease both in synchronic (p<0.01 after 3 months and p<0.05 after 6 months) and dose dependent (decreasing with p<0.01) manner. Lowering of triglyceride in 35PPm was considerable again. Counting the white blood cells shows dose dependent decreasing in number of these cells (p<0.001). No tangible change was seen on counting of red blood cells and measuring Hb and HCT parameters.CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that oral consumption of nanosilver particles especially in high doses and long terms causes not only damage to the liver but also decrease the number of white blood cells (WBCs) and immunity level of the organism.}, Keywords = {Nano silver particles, Rats of Wistar race,Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Sugar, Red Blood Cell, White Blood Cell, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {22-27}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3713-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3713-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Kiasalari, Z and Khalili, M and Ahmadi, P}, title = {Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Berberis Vulgaris Fruit on Acute and Chronic Inflammation in Male Rats}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Inflammation is a side effect of many diseases that could yield immune system disability. The recognized acute and chronic inflammations are the main factors for permanence of infection and long lasting in recovery of disease. Regarding to incomplete treatment of inflammation by using chemical drugs and alkaloid compounds of barberry (berberis vulgaris) root bark such as Berberine that have strong anti-inflammatory property, in the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of alcoholic extract of berberis vulgaris fruit using experimental methods is examined. METHODS: In this research as an experimental study, 86 male NMRI rats weighting 300-350 gr were chosen at random, and were divided into five groups: 1-control (only Evans blue), 2-sham (inflamed without treatment) 3, 4 and 5- treatment groups which received the alcoholic extract of barberry at doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Each of groups was subjected to three methods in order to measure the acute inflammation (formalin injection to paw, xylane to ear and intraperitoneally received acetic acid), and one group was examined with chronic inflammation (implantation of cotton in groin border of rats). Finally in a complementary assessment, the analgesic effect of the most effective dose of extract was evaluated using formalin test. FINDINGS: Effective doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg of berberis vulgaris fruit extract could change significantly the light absorption of inflamed foot, from 0.1±0.03 in control group to 0.15±0.02 and 0.16±0.01 respectively (p<0.05). In addition, 300 mg/kg dose of extract, increased the light absorption of peritoneal fluid significantly from 1.43±0.1 in control group relative to 0.7±0.09 in experimental group (p<0.05). Chronic inflammation has decreased significantly from 33.4±2.14 in control group relative to experimental groups (20.11±2.27 and 24.15±2.84, respectively) (p<0.01, p<0.05). Finally, the late phase of chronic pain has decreased significantly by dose of 300 mg/kg from 1.79± 0.18 (control) to 1.25± 0.1 (p<0.01).CONCLUSION: Our result shows that alcoholic extract of barberry in medium and maximum doses is able to decrease the formalin and acetic acid injection-induced inflammation in foot and peritoneum significantly and also can decrease an external body-induced chronic inflammation as well. In addition, the reduction of late phase of chronic pain in parallel with chronic inflammation suppression is considerable.}, Keywords = {Inflammation, Pain, Berberis vulgaris fruit, Rat}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {28-35}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3715-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3715-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Bizheh, N and Abdollahi, AR and Jaafari, M and AjamZibad, Z}, title = {Relationship between Neck Circumferences with Cardiovascular Risk Factors}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases that are the most common causes of mortality worldwide can be recognized and prevented through measurement of some anthropometric indices. Relationship of many anthropometric indices with cardiovascular diseases risk factors has been well documented. The aim of this study was to introduce a novel anthropometric index that can be used more easily and accurately. METHODS: This cross sectional study was performed on 179 healthy and inactive men and women selected from individuals referring to cardiovascular department of Imam Reza hospital of Mashhad for normal heart checkup under supervision of a cardiovascular surgeon. Their anthropometric indices (neck circumference, waist circumference, weight, body mass index, waist to hip ratio) and atherosclerosis risk factors (lipids and glucose) was determined. Then the relationship between anthropometric indices and atherosclerosis risk factors was determined.FINDINGS: Results showed positive and significant correlation between neck circumference with TC/HDL, TG, TG/HDL and VLDL, waist circumference with glucose, TG and VLDL, body mass index with TC/HDL and TG/HDL and waist to hip ratio with glucose (p<0.05). In men neck circumference with LDL, VLDL, TG, TC/HDL, TC and TG/HDL and waist circumference with LDL, LDL/HDL, TC, TC/HDL, TG, TG/HDL and VLDL had positive and significant correlation and waist to hip ratio had negative and significant correlation with HDL (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, neck and waist circumference had more precision in predicting of atherosclerosis risk than other indices, thus we can use these indices especially neck circumference that is simpler for determination of atherosclerosis risk in middle aged women and men.}, Keywords = {Neck circumference, Atherosclerosis, Risk factors, Anthropometric indices}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {36-43}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3716-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3716-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Nikpour, M and Abedian, Z and Mokhber, N and Ebrahimzadeh, S and Khani, S}, title = {Comparison of Quality of Life in Women after Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean Section}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The postpartum period is associated with great changes in womens quality of life. These changes can influence mother-baby health. Regarding the importance of quality of life and postpartum, and effective factors on postnatal quality of life including the mode of delivery, this study was conducted to compare quality of life in women after vaginal delivery and cesarean section at 8 weeks postpartum. METHODS: In this prospective analytic study 420 pregnant women aged 16-35 years who referred to health center without history of general medical conditions, psychological and pregnancy problems, drug intake, and without experiencing stress at 9 past months were recruited using nonprobability sampling. Subjects completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) during the third trimester pregnancy and subjects with EPDS score>12 were excluded from the study. From 290, 148 in normal vaginal delivery group and 142 in cesarean section group were followed up at 8 week postpartum. Quality of life in physical, psychological, social, environmental and overall domains was assessed and compared using WHOQOL BREF questionnaire. FINDINGS: At 8 weeks postpartum in NVD group the mean score of quality of life was 75.01±11.74 for physical domain that was significantly higher than the mean score of QOL for physical domain in C/S group (70.54±10.48) (p=0.000). In NVD group the mean score of quality of life was 73.14±14.71 for psychological domain that was significantly higher than the mean score of QOL for psychological domain in C/S group (69.23±13.71) (p=0.024). There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in social, environmental and Overall domains.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the score of quality of life in NVD group was better than C/S group on physical and psychological domains health care provider for correct choice of mode of delivery can be effective in reducing elective cesarean and improving quality of life after delivery.}, Keywords = {Quality of life, Postpartum, Vaginal delivery, Cesarean WHOQOL questionnaire}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {44-50}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3717-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3717-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Bye, R and Hajiaqai, B and Frorough, B}, title = {Comparison between Efficacy of Manu Splint and Cock-up Splint in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Treatment}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) or compression neuropathy of median nerve in carpal tunnel is the main cause of pain, numbness and tingling in the upper limb. The most common conservative interventions in mild to moderate CTS are wrist splints. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the Manu splint to wrist cock-up splint on the symptoms and functional status in CTS. METHODS: In this clinical trial study, we randomized 20 hands (12 female patients) with CTS into a group wearing the splint that keep 3rd and 4th fingers in extension (Manu splint) and into another one wearing the short cock-up splint with natural wrist angle, at night for 4 weeks. The patients were evaluated and compared after 2nd and 4th weeks by Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) and Pain Visual Analog Scale. The questionnaire comprised two parts: symptoms severity and functional statues that maximum scores were 55 and 40 for symptom severity and functional statues, respectively. Maximum score was 100 for PVAS.FINDINGS: The average symptom scores of BCTQ and pain scores significantly reduced in both groups after 4 weeks. Functional statues score was diminished significantly only in Manu splint group after 2 weeks (p=0.004). In comparison between 2 groups, after 4 weeks, the mean symptom severity score in Manu splint group was -31.15±15.37 and in cock-up splint group was -51.38±15.21 (p=0.008), the mean pain severity score in Manu splint group was -61.72±34.86 and in cock-up splint group was -98.59±2.96 (p=0.004). After 4 weeks no significant differences exited between 2 groups in term of functional status.CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that a 4 week treatment with either the hand brace or the wrist splint induced symptomatic benefit in patients with CTS. In the orthotic treatment of CTS, wrist posture is more important than finger posture.}, Keywords = {Carpal tunnel syndrome, Cock up splint, Manu splint}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {51-57}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3718-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3718-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Zahedpasha, Y and Ahmadpour, M and Mehdipour, S and Baleghi, M}, title = {Hearing Screening in Neonatal Division (Levels II and III) in Amirkola Children Hospital}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hearing loss is one of the most important morbidities in high risk neonates admitted to NICU and special care nursing. This study was carried out to screen and follow up for hearing impairment in neonates who treated and discharged from NICU and newborn services ( level II and III) in Amirkola children hospital, Babol, IranMETHODS: All neonates admitted to the division of neonatology (level II and III), Amirkola children hospital, Babol, Iran included in this study between September 2006 and July 2008. At first stage all neonates before discharge were screened with portable Otoacoustic Emission (OAE) based on this examination. The results were divided in two groups: PASS and REFER. All babies who failed to respond bilateral referred for brain stem responses (ABR) 15 days later, and unilateral failure at 3 months of age. All neonates with severe and profound bilateral hearing loss received hearing aids at three months of age. These neonates were tested by ABR at nine months of age. In the case of no response they referred to cochlear implantation at 12 months of age. FINDINGS: At first stage from 363 neonates, 311 (85.70%) passed the OAE exam. Fifty two (14.33%) referred for ABR (CI: 95%, 10.70-17.95). At the second stage 15 neonates (4.13%) diagnosed having severe to profound hearing loss (CI: %95, 108-6.19). Three neonates suffered from bilateral profound hearing loss and five neonates had bilateral sever hearing loss. Overalls 8 (2.2%) of screened babies needed hearing rehabilitation (CI: 95%, 0.69-3.73).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hearing loss is high. Up to establishing of universal neonatal hearing screening, we recommend hearing screening of all neonates treated in division of neonatology in our country.}, Keywords = {Hearing screening, Neonates, Neonatal intensive care unit}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {58-63}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3719-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3719-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, S and Hadian, MR and Abdolvahab, M and Jalili, M and Jalaei, SH}, title = {Correlation between Pinch and Grip Strengths with Dexterity in Adult Hemiplegic Patients}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Physical disabilities are the most common side effects of Cerebro Vascular Accident (CVA) in adults. Hemiplegics individuals experience a wide range of functional disabilities including upper limb disabilities. Therefore, rehabilitation treatments are quit important in this regard. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between pinch and grip strengths with dexterity in adult hemiplegia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 34 adult hemiplegic patients. All procedures were approved by ethical committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and written consents were also taken. Patients were familiarized with the procedure, pinch and grip strengths were measured by dynamometer according to the amount of kilograms and dexterity has evaluated by Minnesota manual dexterity test based on the number of seconds. Finally, the relationship of these factors was studied.FINDINGS: Age range of patients in this study was 50-70 years (mean= 62.4±7.2 years). The average elapsed time from stroke was 22.3±10.4 months and all of the patients were right dominancy. There was a significant relationship between dexterity with grip strength (p=0.000) and pinch strength (p=0.008) in patients. However, no significant relationship was observed between age of patient and the elapsed time from stroke.CONCLUSION: Pinch and grip strengths have a significant relationship with dexterity in hemiplegic patients. Hence, any disturbance in dexterity could affect on the function and activity of daily living in this group of patients.}, Keywords = {Pinch strength, Grip strength, Dexterity, Hemiplegic patients}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {64-69}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3720-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3720-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Saleki, M and Abedi, SH and Sharbatdaran, M}, title = {Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Favism in Adults in Yahyanejad Hospital, Babol}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzymatic disorder of red blood cells in humans. G6PD deficiency is prevalent in Iran especially in north region. Considering that favism is one of the most reason of hospitalization of these patients, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of favism in adults, in north of Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 50 adult patients with favism hospitalized in Babol city, north of Iran (2006-2008). Data on demographic and clinical features and laboratory findings, cause of hemolysis and blood transfusion were evaluated and then data was analyzed. FINDINGS: All of patients had exposure to fava beans. Twenty six (52%) were male and 24 (48%) were female. Thirty (60%) hadn experience of such attack. Clinical features were dark urine in 45 (90%), headache in 34 (68%), nausea in 28 (56%), stomach pain in 23 (46%), vomiting in 20 (40%) and fever in 8 (16%). Sclera was icteric in all patients. Bilirubinuria and hemoglobinuria were seen in 9 (18%) and 16 (32%), respectively. CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this study based on favism new onset in adults (60%), and no difference in gender distribution, future studies to evaluate causes of hemolysis due to fava bean in adults and relations with G6PD deficiency suggested. Also, the results show that in north of Iran in management of adults with icter or acute hemolytic anemia, favism should be considered (also in women).}, Keywords = {Favism, Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, Hemolysis}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {70-75}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3721-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3721-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Nazari, R and Bijani, A and HajiHosseini, F and Beheshti, Z and Sharifnia, SH and Hojati, H}, title = {Mortality and Injury Severity in the Accident Victims Referred to the Hefdah Shahrivar Hospital of Amol 2007}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Traffic accidents are one of the main causes of death in world and the first cause of year life lost in Iran. Although paths leading to the Amol town are busy and eventful, we have not comprehensive information about effective factors in traffic accident and the factors related to traffic accident severity. This study was done to determine mortality and injury severity in the accident victims referred to the Hefdah Shahrivar hospital of Amol, Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was studied on 1397 road accident victims referred to Hefdah Shahrivar hospital of Amol town in 2007. Information on characteristics of injured persons, how accident occurred, accident location and time were recorded in the checklist. Injury severity scores (ISS) ranged from 1-6 according to physicians opinion. Then data was evaluated.FINDINGS: From 1397 cases, 995 (71.2%) were male and 633 (45.2%) were at the age group of 15-30 years old. Number of deads was 125 (8.9%) that cause of death in 72 (6.57%) of them was head trauma. Number of injured cases was 476 (34.2%) and severity of injury was 7.85±10.21 on the roads outside urban area that was more than other roads (p<0.05). The passenger car occupants injured more (731 cases=52.3%) but the mean of injury severity in cyclists was 9.26±11.05 that was more than pedestrians, passenger car occupants and motorcyclists.CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that a variety of factors, including the type and location of traffic accidents being involved in causing injuries, mortality and severity of injuries. Therefore, identifying these native factors will be a good guidance for the accurate and effective planning in improving the health of society.}, Keywords = {Traffic injuries, Severity of injury, Accident}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {76-81}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3722-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3722-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Amoian, B and Moghadamnia, AA and Vadiati, B and Mehrani, J}, title = {Local Application of Antibiotics in Periodontal Pockets}, abstract ={Given the fact that, periodontal disease is a disease with an infective agent, treatment by using antibiotics with scaling and root planing (SRP) has been considered as an adjunctive therapy. According to disadvantages of systemic antibiotic therapy such as: resistance, fluctuations in concentration, need for cooperation and side effects, local drug delivery systems in the form of irrigants or forms of drug releasing agents, seems to be a suitable substitute. Because periodontal diseases are often limited to several teeth. A local delivery device consists of a drug reservoir and a limiting element that controls the rate of medicament release. The goal is to maintain effective concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents at the site of action for long periods, despite drug loss from cervicular fluid clearance. Current data suggest that local delivery of antimicrobials into a periodontal pocket can improve periodontal health. It can be concluded that the adjunctive use of local drug delivery may provide a defined, but limited, beneficial response.}, Keywords = {Chronic periodontitis, Local drug delivery systems, Antibiotic, Antiseptic}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {82-89}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3724-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3724-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Alvandipour, M and Tayebi, P and AlizadehNavaie, R and Khodabakhshi, H}, title = {Comparison between Effect of Evening Primrose Oil and Vitamin E in Treatment of Cyclic Mastalgia}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mastalgia is a common painful complaint in women. Several different therapeutic components are used for mastalgia treatment. Vitamin E and Evening Primrose oil (EPO) are some of these components that used for cyclic mastalgia. This study was designed to compare EPO and Vitamin E in treatment of cyclic mastalgia and to find the best treatment for it. METHODS: This study was done as a double blind clinical trial on 100 women suffered cyclic mastalgia. Patients was divided in 4 study groups with 25 patients in each group, included: 1. Evening Primrose oil 2 gr/day, 2. Vitamin E 400 unit daily, 3. Evening Primrose oil and Vitamin E, 4. Placebo. The MC Gill Questionnaires was used for patients pain evaluation before study and 1 and 6 months after intervention.FINDINGS: The mean of MC Gill score in Primrose oil group before investigation was 6.23±1.004 and was decreased to 2.68±1.002 six months after primrose oil consumption. Also in Vitamin E group this mount was decreased from 6.04±1.342 to 3.06±1.482. Overally the mean of MC Gill score in each of three therapeutic group was decreased after the intervention against placebo group (p=0.000). Also the difference of MC Gill score between these three therapeutic groups hasn any significant change. CONCLUSION: The results of present study show that Vitamin E and Primrose oil have a same therapeutic effect in the treatment of cyclic mastalgia and these drugs can be used as a suitable therapeutic alternative in the patient with cyclic mastalgia.}, Keywords = {Cyclic mastalgia, Vitamin E, Primrose oil}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {7-11}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3734-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3734-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Najafi, M and Gharakhani, A and GHOYEMI, H and EterafOskouei, T}, title = {Protective Role of Pharmacologic Postconditioning with Natural Honey on Myocardial Infarction Size}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Honey has been noticed as an effective drug more than a nutrient. There is no report regarding cardioprotective effects of postconditioning with natural honey. In the present study, effects of postconditioning by honey on myocardial infarction size in ischemic-reperfused isolated rat heart were investigated.METHODS This experimental study was performed on 42 male Wistar rats weighing 270-330 g. The rats hearts were isolated and divided into five groups including a control and four postconditioning groups (n= 8-10 in each). The hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion. In the control group, the hearts were perfused by normal Krebs-Henseleit (K/H) solution throughout the experiment, however in the postconditioning groups, they were perfused with honey (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) enriched K/H solution or glucose (equivalent concentration in 1% honey solution) from 10 min before to 10 min after reperfusion. To determine the infarct size, the hearts were perfused with Evans blue dye then cut into slices and incubated with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Finally, the infarct size was determined by computerized planimetry.FINDINGS: Perfusion of isolated hearts with honey as a postconditioning agent significantly decreased infarct size and infarcted volume in the all treated groups. In the control group, the infarct size was 47±3%, however, natural honey (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) and glucose reduced it to 26±3, 6±3, 5±2 and 21±2 %, respectively (p<0.001 for all groups).CONCLUSION: The results showed protective effects of postconditioning by natural honey against ischemia-reperfusion injuries as reduction of infarction size. Probably, antioxidant activity of honey, scavenging of free radicals and the presence of energy sources in honey composition may involve in these protective effects.}, Keywords = {Honey, Postconditioning, Infarction size, Isolated heart}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-18}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3735-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3735-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Aghamohammadi, A and Behmanesh, F and Zafari, M and Tofighi, M}, title = {Effect of Using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in Acupuncture Points [Hegu (Li4) and Sanyinjiao (Sp6)] on Duration of the First Stage of Labor}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Duration of labor is an important factor affecting pregnancy outcome and fetal and maternal injury. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on specific acupuncture points for reducing duration of first stage of labor and need to oxytocin augmentation of labor in nulliparous women. METHODS: This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 64 nulliparous women in active phase of first stage of labor who hospitalized in Razi hospital of Ghaemshar town, Iran. They were randomly divided into two groups (n=32 in each group). Odd numbers and even numbers of patients were allocated by chance to TENS group and TENS placebo group, respectively. According to TENS on four acupuncture points (Hegu [LI-4] and Sanyinjiao [Sp-6]) (n = 32) or the TENS placebo (n = 32), the current output was titrated for each person separately in 4cm dilated cervix. In TENS group, a burst frequency was set to 100 Hz and pulse duration was set to 250 ms and it was periodically used 20 minutes on and 20 minutes off. In the control group, the TENS unit was not turned on. Duration of first stage of labor, need to oxytocin augmentation of labor, pain severity and satisfaction in two groups were compared. FINDINGS: Duration of the first stage was 180 minutes in TENS group and 238 minutes in TENS placebo group (p=0.002) and need for oxytocin augmentation of labor was 16(50%) in TENS group and 25(78.1%) in TENS placebo group (p=0.04) that in TENS group was significantly shorter than TENS placebo group. Pain severity was less (p<0.001) and consent in intervention procedure was more (p<0.001) in TENS group. There was no difference between two groups in terms of Apgar score.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, TENS on acupuncture points can be used as a non-drug method with no side effects on mother and fetus to augment labor and reduce the duration of the first stage of labor.}, Keywords = {TENS, Acupuncture points, Duration of first stage of labor}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {19-24}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3736-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3736-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Kashifard, M and Basirat, Z}, title = {Comparison of Carpenter– Coustan Criteria and National Diabetes Data Group Criteria in Evaluation of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis of gestational diabetes is very important and there are different criteria for diagnose of gestational diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare Carpenter– Coustan (C;C) and National Diabetes Data Group ( NDDG ) criteria in evaluation of adverse pregnancy outcomeMETHODS: This cohort study was done in prenatal care on 200 pregnant women who had abnormal GCT (Glucose challenge test) and normal GTT (Glucose tolerance test) based on NDDG criteria and 200 pregnant women (control group) who had normal GCT. Patients were compared in three groups included: normal GCT, normal GTT on both criteria and a group with normal GTT in NDDG criteria and abnormal GTT in C;C criteria for pregnancy outcome such as macrosomia, premature rupture membrane (PROM) need to cesarean section (C/S).FINDINGS: According to C;C criteria 24 (6%) patients had abnormal test but these patients was normal according NDDG criteria. PROM (OR=2.23, CI95%: 1.14-4.35), macrosomia (OR=3.73, CI95%: 1.54-9.01) and cesarean section (OR=1.73, CI95%: 1.05-2.84) in patients with abnormal test result according to both criteria was significantly higher than patients with normal GCT (control), but the risk of preeclampsia (OR=2.64, CI95%: 0.79-8.73) was not significantly different between the two groups. Risk of preeclampsia (OR=2.23, CI95%: 0.77-25.7) and cesarean section (OR=4.06, CI95%:0.92-17.8) in the group with only abnormal GTT by C;C criteria had higher than people who were normal by both criteria. Presence of at least one outcome (OR=7.6, CI95%:1.01-12.8) in the group with only abnormal GTT by C;C criteria had significantly higher than people who were normal by both criteria. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with normal GTT according to NDDG criteria but gestational diabetes by C;C was higher than women with normal GCT.}, Keywords = {Carpenter–Coustan, National Diabetes Data Group, Pregnancy, Gestational diabetes, Pregnancy outcome}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {25-31}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3737-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3737-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {NasiriAmiri, F and Basirat, Z and Hajian, K and Sharbatdaran, M and Pouramir, M and Omidvar, SH}, title = {Comparison of Hemoglobin Concentration and Body Iron Stores in Normal Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is most common health problem during pregnancy and women with GDM are at high risk for development of diabetes mellitus type-2. The disease causes substantial morbidity and mortality and long term complications. Since some studies indicated that high maternal hemoglobin and body iron store were an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes. The aim of study was to compare hemoglobin concentration and body iron stores in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and normal pregnant women.METHODS: This case- control study was performed on 200 pregnant who admitted to Shahid Yahyanejad hospital of Babol town, Iran during 2007-2008. For every sample of GDM diagnosed by OGTT impaired based on criteria (Carpenter & Coustan) a control sample of routine pregnancy care was selected. In this study 100 women with GDM were compared with 100 healthy pregnant women with normal Oral Glucose Tolerance test (GTT). Two groups were matched for age, gestational age, parity and referred center. Hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit and iron status measurements including ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were assessed and compared between two groups at the third trimester.FINDINGS: In this study, the mean of hemoglobin concentration was 12.17±1.28 and 11.63±2.42 in GDM and control groups, respectively and mean of serum ferritin was 52.10±47.23 and 30.36±23.27 in GDM and control groups, respectively. Hemoglobin concentration and serum ferritin after adjusted BMI were significantly higher in GDM group as compared with controls at the third trimester (p<0.05). The mean serum iron concentration was 95.75±41.14 and 91.48±31.80 in GDM and control groups, respectively that showed no significant differences and TIBC was 354.55±40.47 and 353.02±51.10 in GDM and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit and serum ferritin were higher in GDM than normal pregnancy. Therefore it requires more careful in prescribing iron supplementation to all pregnant women regarding to status of hemoglobin and serum iron status.}, Keywords = {Gestational diabetes mellitus, Hemoglobin concentration, Body iron stores, Ferritin}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {32-38}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3738-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3738-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Amoian, B and Haghanifar, S and Vazinpour, H and Bijani, A}, title = {Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Effect of OSTEORA on Class II Furcation Defects in Chronic Periodontitis}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Furcation involvement is thought to have a strong negative effect on prognosis. Various treatments have been proposed for treatment of furcation defects. Regeneration is the treatment of choice in this type of defect. Recently an OCHS (Oily Calcium hydroxide Suspension) has also been supposed to support periodontal regeneration. The aim of this study was clinical and radiographic evaluation of effect of OSTEORA on class II furction defects in patient with chronic periodontitis.METHODS: In this clinical trial 24 class II furcation defect divided into two groups. All the patients received phase I treatment (scaling & root planing). Test group treated with access flap surgery and the application of Control group treated with access flap surgery alone. The fallowing parameters were recoded: horizontal clinical attachment level (H-CAL) vertical clinical attachment level (V-CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), furcation vertical component (FVC), furcation to alveolar crest (FAC), fornix to base of defect (FBD), furcation horizontal component (FHC). A periapical radiograph was taken in parallel method before and 6 months after surgery and they were analyzed by digital subtraction. FINDINGS: No significant difference was in mean change of investigation parameter among two groups. In study group only gingival recession increased significantly after 6 months from 0.67± 0.778 to 1.375± 0.9324 (p=0.04). In control group only gingival recession increased significantly from 0.58±0.793 to 1.583±1.379 (p=0.002), and VPD decreased significantly from 3.17±1.115 to 1.83±0.835 (p=0.015). Radiographic changes among two groups didn show significant difference. CONCLUSION: No difference was found between the test and control site. None of treatment modalities improved periodontal regeneration in class II furcation defects.}, Keywords = {Periodontitis, Furcation defects, Debridement}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {39-45}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3739-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3739-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Moradi, S and AfkhamiJedi, F}, title = {Comparison of Apical Sealing of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Hydroxy Apatite and Amalgam}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the main aims of root canal therapy is to seal the canal. The aim of the retrograde filling in apical resection operation is to obtain an effective apical sealing. Various materials have been recommended for retrograde fillings. For evaluation these materials the most important characteristics is their sealing ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of dye penetration in two common retrofill materials (amalgam and MTA) and compare them with hydroxy apatite in root end surgeries. METHODS: In this invitro study 69 single root extracted human teeth were used and after instrumentation, they were obturated with lateral condensation. 3 mm of the apical root was resected, and root-end cavities were prepared. Then the teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 20 specimens (white MTA, amalgam and hydroxy apatite). The amount of micro leakage in each group was evaluated by using dye penetration technique. Dye penetration at the rate of 0-0.99mm was considered little, 1-1.99mm moderate, 2-2.99mm severe and 3mm or more extensive. Groups were evaluated and compared.FINDINGS: Mean microleakage in the moderate, severe and extensive group for amalgam were 0%, 35% and 65%, MTA 10%, 15% and 75% and hydroxy apatite were 5%, 35% and 50% respectively. There was not significant relationship between the three materials (MTA, hydroxy apatite and amalgam) and the amount of dye penetration.CONCLUSION: The results showed that hydroxy apatite can be used as a retrofill material and it has no significant difference with amalgam and MTA.}, Keywords = {Retrofill, Leakage, Mineral trioxide aggregate, Amalgam, Hhydroxy apatite}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {46-50}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3740-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3740-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Madani, A and Ghahramanloo, A and Shokati, M}, title = {Assessment of Convergence Angles of Tooth Preparation for Porcelain Fused to Metal Restorations by General Dentists}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the important factors in the longevity of fixed restorations is fundamental considerations of tooth preparation. One of these fundamentals is axial walls preparation with minimum tapering for retention and resistance form. The aim of this study was to assess convergence angles of tooth preparation for Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) restorations by general dentists. METHODS: Referring to Mashhad dental laboratories, 600 die patterns were collected, and divided into five groups including maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, premolars, maxillary and mandibular molars (120 in each group). Photographic views of the samples were taken by a digital camera (EOS-450D model) to exactly examine the convergence of the tooth walls. One photograph was taken from the facial surface, and the other taken from the proximal. Angles related to the tapering of axial walls, in mesiodistal and faciolingual dimensions were measured by using engineering software (AutoCAD 2008) for each die. Also, the inclination of buccal and lingual walls of posterior teeth was measured separately and then assessed and compared with the standards.FINDINGS: Mean M-D and F-L convergence angle for maxillary and mandibular molars, premolar, maxillary and mandibular teeth were (31.02±10.72, 28.48±11.92), (32.06±9.98, 37.14±11.92), (21.83±7.46, 24.25±11.72), (28.66±13.18, 15.51±8.98) and (31.31±13.78, 18.11±7.95) degrees, respectively. M-D and F-L tapering in all groups have statistical significant difference with optimum degree of tooth preparation taper. Also there was a significant difference between M-D and F-L tapering in all groups (p<0.001). Inclination of preparation in posterior teeths also measured buccal inclination is bigger than of lingual walls in posterior teeth (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: According to results of this study, in all cases the tapering angles were more than normal. M-D and F-L tapering in mandibular molars were more than the others. Tendency of dentists was to more tapering in buccal than lingual surfaces in posterior teeth.}, Keywords = {Convergence angel, Tooth preparation, Porcelain fused to metal restoration, General dentists}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {51-56}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3741-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3741-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {GholamitabarTabari, M and Heidarzadeh, M and Sattarzadeh, N and Kooshavar, H}, title = {Performing and Evaluation of Breast Feeding Education Program on Exclusive Breastfeeding and Growth Indices of Preterm Infant at 4 Months after Birth}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Breast feeding has been associated with multiple developmental advantages for the infant. The probability of successful breast-feeding in preterm infant mothers is less than healthy and term infant mothers. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of breast feeding education program on exclusive breastfeeding and growth indices of preterm infants at 4 months after birth.METHODS: This Quasi experimental study was performed on pregnant mothers who exposed to preterm labor and their preterm infants. Seventy four preterm infants were assigned to intervention and control groups. Both groups were followed up to 4 months after birth. Intervention group received prenatal education and post partum follow up but control group only used the routine education in hospital. Then two groups were compared.FINDINGS: Percentage of exclusive breast-feeding at 2 months after birth in control group was 45% (n=33) and in intervention group was 60% (n=44) (p=0.07). In infants weighing 1000-1499g at 2 months of age, weight index and head circumstance in intervention group was more than control group (p=0.003 and p=0.05). In infants weighing over 2500g at 4 months of age, weight index and head circumstance in intervention group was more than control group (p=0.01 and p=0.02). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, prenatal education and post partum follow up is effective on exclusive breastfeeding. Using breastfeeding in intervention group was more than control group.}, Keywords = {Preterm infant, Exclusive breast feeding, Growth index}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {57-62}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3742-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3742-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Abdollahi, AR and Mohammadzadeh, F}, title = {Evaluation of CD3 and CD4 Positive Lymphocytes in Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Trichomonas Vaginalis is the most prevalent nonviral agent that causes sexually transmitted disease (STD) in human. This organism causes vaginitis, infertility, preterm labour, premature rupture of membrane and low birth weight. This study was carried out to study the cellular immunity systems response to this infection through evaluation of CD3 and CD4 positive lymphocytes and cytokine interleukin 10 in the patients contaminated with this infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare 65 women having developed clinical symptoms of trichomonasis with control group in terms of age as well as social and economic conditions. They were compared in terms of the number of CD3 and CD4 lymphocytes and IL10 cytokine concentration in their blood.FINDINGS: Of 65 women studied, 25 (38.5%) were diagnosed with trichomonas vaginalis infection in the lab scale (vaginal discharge culture). More specifically, the percentage of T lymphocytes (CD3 positive cells) in infected women (79.75±0.7%) was (59.95±10%) higher than in the control group (p≤0.0001). Auxiliary T lymphocytes (CD4 positive cells) in the infected women (67.94±0.96%) were also meaningfully (32.52±0.93%) higher than in the control group (p≤0.0001). Moreover, a meaningful difference was observed in the IL10 serum level between the patient group (119 ±42% pg/ml) and the control group (1.02±0.14% pg/ml). (p≤0.001)CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, cellular immunity plays a significant role in controlling trichomonas vaginalis infections. Therefore, another study with more samples and multi centers for confirmation are strongly recommended.}, Keywords = {CD4 positive lymphocyte, CD3 positive lymphocyte, Interleukin-10, Trichomona vaginalis}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {63-67}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3743-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3743-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Fakhar, M and Rahmati, B}, title = {Visceral Leishmaniasis in Mazandaran Province and Review on its Current Situation in Iran}, abstract ={Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is an important infectious disease which is caused by an intracellular protozoan belonged to Leishmania donovani complex. Leishmania infantum is the main agent of VL in Mediterranean regions such as Iran and Leishmania tropica is second etiological agent as well. Dog and canidae family considered as main reservoirs and different species of sandflies such as phlebotomous major is the main vector for VL in Iran. Currently, VL is endemic in five provinces of the country including Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Bushehr and Qom provinces. Moreover, sporadic cases are reported from other provinces. If left untreated it can be fatal, with up to 98% mortality rate, especially in children. As a whole, we believed that the VL is as a neglected disease in some provinces of Iran such as Mazandaran province. In this paper, we mention regarding history of VL in Mazandaran province, additionally review the current status of VL in Iran and also some efficient and possible factors on reemerging of the VL in Mazandaran province.}, Keywords = {Visceral leishmaniasis, Kala-azar, Epidemiology, Reemerging, Neglected disease}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {68-75}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3744-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3744-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Nabahati, M and Kasayan, AA and Bijani, A and Mehraban, AR}, title = {Assessment of Consistency Rate of Clinical Grading of Varicocele and Sonography Findings}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Varicocele is cited as one of the most common treatable causes of male factor infertility. Diagnosis of varicocele is based on physical examination and also sonography and venography. The aim of this study was to assess the consistency rate of clinical grading of varicocele and venous diameter in sonography. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 85 patients with symptoms of scrotum pain and fullness and infertility who referred to private office. Physical examination was performed on patients and the grading of varicocele was recorded. In sonography, their venous diameter in vasalva maneuver was measured by radiologist. Then sonography findings were compared with clinical grading. FINDINGS: In this study a sensitivity of 94.7% and specificity of 64.9% in sonography were compared to physical examination, and positive predictive value was 68.6% and negative predictive value was 93.8% (p=0.000) and also there was a significant relationship between existence of reflux and increasing of grading of varicocele in physical examination with increasing of venous diameter. Mean venous diameter was 2.1±0.55 mm, 2.7±0.52 mm, 3.31±0.38 mm and 3.8±0.45 mm in cases with no clinical varicocele, varicocele grade 1, varicocele grade 2 and varicocele grade 3, respectively (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, we can estimate grading of varicocele with knowing of venous diameter in sonography, and also sonography as an appropriate test for screening of the patients can be used.}, Keywords = {Varicocele, Ultrasonography, Color Doppler}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {76-80}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3745-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3745-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Madani, Z and Seyedmajidi, M and Moghadamnia, AA and Bijani, A and ZahedPasha, A}, title = {Histopathological Evaluation of Capsaicin on Cat Dental Pulp}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dental caries is the most common means of ingress of bacteria to the dental pulp and pulp infection. Different materials have been introduced for pulp therapy but they were not effective in producing an acceptable coronal seal. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti- inflammatory effect of local capsaicin on dental pulp of cat.METHODS: Twenty–four canine teeth of six domestic short hair cats weighing approximately 3-4 kg were selected for this experimental study. After cats had been anesthetized, the crown of teeth were cut 3 mm upper than cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and exposed under sterile condition. The teeth were divided into two groups. In group I the exposed pulp was capped with zinc oxide–eugenol as control. In group II dental pulp capped with capsaicin as experimental group. All access cavities were sealed with glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX). The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after procedure. The canine teeth were extracted for histopathologic evaluation. The specimens were sectioned serially at 6 µm thickness parallel to tooth long axis. The sections were stained with H & E and studied by light microscopy. FINDINGS: Result of this study showed that signs of necrosis in zinc oxide-eugenol group during 1, 2 and 4 weeks decreased significantly (p=0.026). In capsaicin group hyperemia during 1, 2 and 4 weeks decreased significantly (p=0.019). In comparison of the effect of two drugs on pulp in 4 weeks and all weeks the sign of necrosis in capsaicin group was increased significantly (p=0.029, p=0.039). Two groups showed difference in dental barrier formation, type of inflammatory responses and soft tissue changes but these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: According to findings of this study capsaicin could decrease the intensity of the inflammation but was not successful in dental barrier formation.}, Keywords = {Capsaicin, Pulp inflammation, Pulp, Dental barrier}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {7-14}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3797-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3797-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Baradaran, M and M,AhmadiAhangar, A and Teymourian, F and Alinezhad, F and Moghadamnia, AA}, title = {Concomitant Administration of Alprazolam and Ibuprofen in Acute Migraine Headache}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder and it leads patients to avoid any kind of activity. Since different factors are involved in migraine incidence and its triggers, a wide variety of drugs are used to prevent or treat. Combination therapy has shown its efficiency in treating migraine. In this study, we have taken the combination of ibuprofen and alprazolam as a probable efficient compound in reducing these headaches. METHODS: In this clinical trial study, 90 migraine patients were allocated in 3 groups of 30, with an average of 2-6 attacks in month underwent. These three groups were unified by age, gender and their drug histories. After receiving volunteer’s adhesion for taking part in this experiment, the first group were given a single dose of ibuprofen 200 mg, the second group were given a single dose of ibuprofen 400 mg and the third group were given a single dose of ibuprofen 200 mg in companion with alprazolam 0.5 mg. Headache severity, functional disability and associated symptoms of the patients were recorded before and two hours after taking each regimen and were graded from 0-3 points. Then three groups were compared. FINDINGS: In all 3 groups, the severity of the headaches were reduced significantly after the course of drug therapy with 36% of reduction in the first group, 46% in the second group, and 74% in the third group, respectively (p<0.0001). In the first group, nausea and vomiting were reduced from 92.3% to 22.3%, the second group from 96.7% to 13.3% and, finally the third group from 100% to 3.3% (p<0.0001). In addition, a significant reduction in photophobia and phonophobia was seen before and after taking the drugs (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The combination of ibuprofen 200 mg and alprazolam 0.5 mg had significantly reduced the severity of the migraine headaches.}, Keywords = {Migraine, Ibuprofen, Alprazolam, Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Benzodiazepines, Combination therapy}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {15-21}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3798-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3798-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Roghani, M and Baluchnejadmojarad, T}, title = {Antinociceptive Effect of Vaccinium Myrtillus in Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus in long-term accompanies with inappropriate complications like retinopathy and neuropathy and increased pain sensation due to neuropathy. Since there is some evidence on protective and antidiabetic effects of Vaccinium myrtillus (VM), this study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive effect of Vaccinium myrtillus (VM) in streptozotocin-diabetic rats using formalin test and hot tail immersion tests.METHODS: In this experimental study, male rats were divided into equal-sized control, VM-treated control, diabetic, sodium salicylate (SS)-treated diabetic, and VM-treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, streptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg/kg (i.p) was injected. The treatment groups received oral administration of VM-mixed pelleted food (5%) for 6 weeks with no limitation. Finally, hyperalgesia were assessed using standard formalin and hot tail immersion tests.FINDINGS: VM treatment of diabetic rats reduced pain score in chronic phase up to 17.9% (p<0.05). Meanwhile, SS administration significantly reduced pain score at chronic phase of the test up to 23.6% (p<0.05). Regarding hot tail immersion test, diabetic rats showed a significant 37.4% reduction in tail flick latency as compared to control ones (p<0.05). Although VM treatment of diabetic rats increased this latency relative to untreated diabetics up to 11.3%, but the existing difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Six-week administration of VM could attenuate nociceptive score in chronic phase of formalin test in streptozotocin-induced experimental model of diabetes mellitus and has no effect on thermal pain threshold.}, Keywords = {Vaccinium myrtillus, Diabetes mellitus, Hyperalgesia}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {22-28}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3799-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3799-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Banihashem, N and Hassannasab, B and Naziri, F and Rahimifar, AR and Hosseini, V and Shirkhani, Z}, title = {Comparison of the Prophylactic Effect of Ondansetron and Dexamethasone on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Intrathecal Meperidine in Women Scheduled for Elective Cesarean Section}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intrathecal meperidine is highly effective to enhance postoperative analgesia in women undergoing cesarean delivery. However, spinal meperidine is associated with a frequent incidence of nausea, vomiting and pruritus which can limit its use. The objective of this study was to compare the prophylactic effect of ondansetron and dexamethasone in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during intrathecal injection of meperidine in women undergoing elective cesarean section.METHODS: In a randomized double blind clinical trial 50 women were scheduled for elective cesarean section. They were randomly allocated to dexamethasone (n=25) or ondansetron (n=25) groups. The patients were under spinal anesthesia with 50mg lidocaine and 25mg meperidine. They received 8 mg dexamethasone or 8 mg ondansetron intravenously just before surgery. The patients were evaluated for PONV and pruritus during surgery, recovery period, 6, 12 and 24h after surgery.FINDINGS: There were not significant differences in patients characteristics, hemodynamic variables, and sensory level of anesthesia. Nausea was observed in 4 (16%) and 7 (28%) of women in dexamethasone and ondansetron groups, respectively (p=0.496). Vomiting was observed in 3 (12%) and 4 (16%) of women in ondansetron and dexamethasone groups, respectively (p=1). No nausea and vomiting were observed 2 hours after spinal anesthesia. The incidence of pruritus was observed in 6 (24%) and 7 (28%) of women in dexamethasone and ondansetron groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that ondansetron is as effective as dexamethasone for preventing nausea, vomiting and pruritus after intrathecal injection of meperidine in women undergoing elective cesarean section. So intravenous dexamethasone is a good choice for preventing nausea and vomiting after intrathecal injection of meperidine.}, Keywords = {Nausea, Vomiting, Ondansetron, Dexamethasone, Intrathecal meperidine}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {29-33}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3800-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3800-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Sabzifard, V and EbrahimiVostaKalai, S and Cheraghi, J and SayehMiri, K}, title = {Effect of Exogenous Ghrelin on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Change Livers Enzyme Level in Rats}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall and is believed to mediate many of the sequela of infection. The liver plays a central role in the inflammatory response to LPS. Elevation of livers enzyme level is one of changes induced in acute phase of inflammation by infection or tissue damage. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone mainly secreted by the mucosa of the stomach and stimulates growth hormone release. Based on anti-inflammatory effects of Ghrelin, in this study we examined the protective effect of Ghrelin on lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatotoxicity in rat.METHODS: In this study forty male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (N=10). Control group received normal saline, second group received LPS (10 mg/kg body weight, i.p), third group received Ghrelin (4 nmol/kg, i.p), and forth group received LPS + Ghrelin (10 mg/kg and 4nmol/kg, respectively) for 8 days. At the end of the 8th day, animals were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected directly from heart. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated by measuring aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT). FINDINGS: Injection of LPS induced a significant increase in AST, ALT, ALP and GGT compared with control group (p<0.001). LPS- induced increases in AST, ALT, ALP and GGT were significantly reduced by treatment with Ghrelin (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results suggest that Ghrelin has protective effect against LPS- induced hepatotoxicity and this effect may be mediated by anti inflammatory effect of Ghrelin.}, Keywords = {Ghrelin, Hepatotoxicity, Lipopolysaccharide, Liver enzymes}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {34-41}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3801-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3801-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ghahremanloo, A and Sadeghian, A and Bidi, R}, title = {Effect of Three Different Disinfection Materials on Alginate Disc by Immersion and Spray Methods}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Infection control is of utmost importance for the dental community. Dentists are exposed to harmful microorganisms and in most cases the source of these microorganisms are the patient’s blood or saliva. This matter is of great importance in prosthodontics as well, where impression materials, contaminated with patients’ blood and saliva, are most commonly handled. Therefore establishing a method for disinfecting these materials seems necessary. The aim of this research was to survey the effect of three different disinfection materials on alginate disc by immersion and spray methods.METHODS: Three different disinfectants i.e., Chloro-Sol (0.5% sodium hypochlorite), 2% Deconex and Sanosil D2 were used in this in vitro experimental interventional study by immersion and spray methods and their antimicrobial efficacy were evaluated on 1584 alginate disks contaminated with 12 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Half of microorganisms were standard strains and the other half were clinical isolates. Forty alginate discs provided for each bacterium. Twenty of them were infected with bacterial suspension (108 cfu/ml) for one minute. Other was infected for 4 minutes. Twelve disks were infected for each bacterium (control group). FINDINGS: The antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite 0.5% is different than Deconex 2% and Sansosil D2 (p<0.001). Sodium hypochlorite 0.5% had the best antimicrobial activity. Only 0.8% of immersion method specimens and 3.3% of spray method specimens had positive cultures. Clinically isolated strains were more resistant to disinfection, and difference was statistically significant by immersion method (p= 0.03, X2 =4.3). It was concluded that pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoniae could not be killed by 2% Deconex and Sanosil. The time of infection did not influenced antimicrobial activity of disinfection materials and it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that 0.5% sodium hypochlorite has superior activity compared to 2% Deconex and Sanosil D2. Alginat can absorb water because of hydrophilic quality, So immersion is not suitable and spray has the best way for decontamination.}, Keywords = {Alginate, Disinfection, Immersion, Spray}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {42-49}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3802-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3802-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Modarres,, M and MirmohhamadAli,, M and Oshrieh, Z and Mehran, A}, title = {Comparison of the Effect of Mefenamic Acid and Matricaria Camomilla Capsules on Primary Dysmenorrhea}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The most common pelvic cyclic pain and the most common complaint of gynecologic patients is dysmenorrhea that causes many personal and social problems. Mefenamic acid with a lot of side effects and matricaria camomilla are useful for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mefenamic acid and matricaria camomilla capsules on primary dysmenorrhea.METHODS: This cross over, triple-blind randomized clinical trial study was performed on 80 students with primary dysmenorrhea, staying in Tehran University dormitory. They were randomly allocated to mefenamic acid and matricaria camomilla groups. Research took place in three stages. In the first stage, all students for two consecutive cycles in regard to suffering from second or third degree dysmenorrhea were examined. In the second stage, mefenamic acid or matricaria camomilla capsules with check list for the amount of bleeding and VAS scale were randomly given to each of the research units. In the third stage, each research unit received the same treatment of the opposite group with the same characteristics (crossover treatment) and for another two consecutive cycles this same method with replacing the medicine was repeated again. Each person was studied for 6 cycles. The patient marked the intensity of their pain on the visual analogue scale an hour before taking the first dose of the medicine and also 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 48 hours after taking the first dose.FINDINGS: The mean age in both groups was 24.72±2.55 years. The mean of pain severity before treatment was 4.65±0.47 and after treatment was 2.80±1.04 and 1.12±0.43 in the mefenamic acid and matricaria camomilla groups, respectively that in comparison to the sign of pain it was revealed that the severity of pain decreased after two treatment cycles in the two groups receiving mefenamic acid and matricaria camomilla capsules. But this decrease in the matricaria camomilla group was considerable (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that taking matricaria camomilla capsule can decrease the severity of dysmenorrhea, so it is recommended to use it in the treatment of this common gynecologic disorder in women.}, Keywords = {Matricaria camomilla, Mefenamic acid, Dysmenorrhea}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {50-58}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3803-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3803-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Saatsaz, S and Rezaei, R and Sharifnia, H and Kheirkhah, F and Moulookzadeh, S and HajiHosseini, F}, title = {Effect of Mother and Newborn Skin to Skin Contact on Postpartum Blues}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Postpartum blues is a complication that threatens mother health and her binding with newborn and her physical and psychological health. Skin to skin contact is a simple, effective and available method that its advantages were approved. There is some evidence that it can decrease postpartum blues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of skin to skin contact on postpartum blues.METHODS: This clinical trial study was performed on 80 patients (40 cases and 40 controls) with postpartum blues who were hospitalized in postpartum ward of Amol Imam Ali hospital in 2009. Case group received skin to skin contact with newborn 20-30 minutes daily for 10 days and no intervention was done for control groups. Severity of postpartum blues was evaluated by Zung Self Rating Depression Scale on the 3rd, 4th and 10th days after birth in case and control groups and then compared.FINDINGS: There was not statistically significant difference between two groups with regard to demographic and obstetric variables. Mean of postpartum blues on the 1st day was 57.2±4.3 in case group and 56.2±3.8 in control group that showed no significant difference. Mean of postpartum blues score was 58±4.4 in case group and 60.9±3.7 in control group on the 4th day and it was 49.2±5.6 in case group and 60.4±3.6 in control group on the 10th day that showed significant difference (p=0.002 and p<0.0001, respectively). Mean of postpartum blues severity in these days in case groups was lower than control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that mother and newborn skin to skin contact was effective for decreasing postpartum blues severity. Therefore it is a simple, useful and cost free method to improve postpartum blues and its application is recommended for improving maternal psychological health.}, Keywords = {Skin to skin contact, Mother, Newborn, Postpartum blues, Delivery}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {59-65}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3804-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3804-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {TaghipourDarzi, MT and EbrahimiTakamjani, E and Salavati, M and Mobini, B and Zekavat, H and Sanjary, A}, title = {Center of Rotation Profiles of Lumbar Spine of Healthy Men in Sagittal Plane: A Preliminary Study}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Human joint center of rotation (COR) in two dimensional plans is a cinematic variable that can be used for joint assessment, motion analysis, evaluation of treatment and rehabilitation and recognizing abnormalities. The aim of this study was to study COR profiles of lumbar vertebrae and introduce a new method to quantitative expression of COR.METHODS: A total of 22 healthy volunteer males aged between 21-43 years participated in this descriptive study. Variables contained centre of rotation of full, flexion and extension arcs of lumbar vertebral movement. Three radiographies were taken in neutral, full flexion and full extension positions of lumbar spine. The variables were calculated using CARA software after scanning. The descriptive statistics were utilized to description of variables.FINDINGS: The acquired results of full arc COR were in levels of L1 (x=-113, y=107), L2 (x=-74, y=88), L3 (x=-31, y=65), L4 (x=-1, y=37) and L5 (x=12, y=4). The acquired results of flexion arc COR were in levels of L1 (x=-101, y=119), L2 (x=-65, y=97), L3 (x=-26, y=69), L4 (x=2, y=37) and L5 (x=19, y=11). The acquired results of extension arc COR were in levels of L1 (x=-111, y=133), L2 (x=-83, y=111), L3 (x=-36, y=92), L4 (x=25, y=70) and L5 (x=18, y=5). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, analysis of motion profiles can be clinically helpful for differentiating lumbar spine movement disorders. Comparison between COR characteristics would have facilitated by numeric expression.}, Keywords = {Sagittal plane, Lumbar spine, Centre of rotation}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {66-73}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3805-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3805-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {MirMohammadSadeghi, SM and Hadipour, M and MolavieVardanjani, H}, title = {Incidence of Postoperative Stroke after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and its Risk Factors}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the most important and fatal complications of the coronary artery bypass surgery is postoperative stroke. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of postoperative stroke after coronary artery bypass surgery and its risk factors.METHODS: This retrospective study was performed on the documents of 1386 patients undergoing first coronary artery bypass surgery during 2004 to 2008 in Sina hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Variables such as gender, age, number of days hospitalized in intensive care after surgery, type of surgery, duration of staying under heart and lung machine, history of hypertension, PCI, chest pain, diabetes and ejection fraction were assessed. FINDINGS: Among all subjects 1033 were male and 353 were female. Incidence of stroke after surgery was 1.4 percent. Univariate tests showed history of diabetes (p=0.018), ejection fraction levels (p=0.001) and duration of hospitalization in intensive care unit (p=0.01, CIMD=4.8- 6.6) had significant relationship with stroke. Simultaneous analysis showed the level of ejection fraction (p =0.005, CIOR=1.646–17.382, OR average to good=5.348, p=0.01, CIOR=1.535–24.875, OR weak to good=6.18) and length of stay in intensive care unit (p=0.001, CIOR=1.136 – 1.34, OR=1.234) had significant relationship.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, ejection fraction and length of stay in intensive care unit are risk factors of postoperative stroke.}, Keywords = {Stroke, Coronary artery bypass, Risk factors}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {74-79}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3806-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3806-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mohammadzadeh, I}, title = {Intravenous Immunoglobulin and its Complications}, abstract ={Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a safe biological product used in many cases, such as primary and secondary immune deficiency, infectious diseases, critically ill patients and autoimmune disorders. IVIG has many advantages compared with intramuscular immunoglobulin and is obtained from pooled plasma of 10.000-60.000 donors. Today, IVIG use in clinical settings has increased. Despite its use in many diseases, FDA only has approved its use in patients suffering from ITP, primary immunodeficiency, pediatric HIV, Kawasaki disease, bone marrow transplantation and B-cells chronic lymphocytic leukemia. But, it has been used for other cases like Guillain–Barré syndrome, premature infants, critically ill patients admitted to ICU, severe asthma and uncontrolled seizures which FDA had not approved yet.This biological product affects immune deficiency and autoimmune diseases in different ways. Despite the relative safety of this product, the patient may experience mild but acute complications.In most cases acute reaction is due to high speed infusion rate which is mild but systemic side effects in the form of allergic and non-allergic anaphylaxis are seen, especially in patients with CVID and IgA selective deficiency. The patient should be under medical supervision during infusion and to deal with anaphylaxis shock, facilities should be available. Today, the subcutaneous type of immunoglobulin is used at home under supervision of a nurse and the patient satisfaction is high, because of its lower cost and also it does not need hospital admission.}, Keywords = {Intravenous immunoglobulin, Children, Complications}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {80-89}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3807-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3807-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Alipour, A and Rajaeefard, AR and Rezaeeanzade, A and Davarpanah, MA and Hasanzadeh, J}, title = {Evaluation of Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Individuals Infected with the HIV in Shiraz, Iran}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: HIV and HCV are major public health concerns. Because of similar methods of transmission, HIV-HCV co-infection is common. Except for injecting drug use, there was not common idea for other routes of transmission for HCV among HIV infected persons. The aim of this study is evaluation of characteristics associated with hepatitis C virus infection in individuals infected with the HIV.METHODS: One hundred HIV infected pairs were involved in this matched case-control study. Each pair consists of one HCV infected patient and one HCV negative patient. Cases and controls were matched for age, gender and marital status. In those subjects, association between HIV/HCV co infection and state of urbanization, injection drug use, imprisonment, extra marriage sexual contact, blood transfusion before 1993, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, tattooing, use of common blade, HBV infection, AIDS were evaluated with conditional logistic regression model. FINDINGS: Injecting drug use (OR=3.47 %95CI: 1.14-10.63), history of incarceration (OR= 3.5 %95CI: 1.005-10.63) and history of tattooing in prison (OR=4.27 %95CI: 1.24-14.7) were independently associated with co-infection by hepatitis C virus.CONCLUSION: Individual risk factors for HIV/HCV co infection included a history of injection drug use, imprisonment, and in prison tattooing.}, Keywords = {HIV, HCV, Risk factors, Co-infection}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {90-98}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3808-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3808-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Seyedmajidi, M and Shafaee, SH and Hejazi, M and HajiAhmadi, M and Siadati, S}, title = {Expression of P53 and P63 in Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid Lesions}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A few samples of oral lichen planus and lichenoid reactions may be change to malignancy. Histopathological diagnosis is a tool for diagnosis but it is not correct for segregation of these lesions. The aim of this survey was to examine immunohistochemistry expression of P53 and P63 in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions according to different aetiopathogenesis, clinical behavior and neoplastic changes of these diseases.METHODS: The cross sectional study was done on 80 cases (40 cases of oral lichen planus and 40 cases of oral lichenoid lesions) gotten from pathology department of Babol dental faculty and Shahid Beheshti hospital. Slices gotten from paraffined block stained by P63 and P53 antibody, using immunohistochemical procedure. The percent of stained cells in basal layer, suprabasal layers and inflammatory inflammation was graded. when none of cells were stained (-) the stained cells were included < 10% of the total cell population (+) when the stained cells were included from 10% to 25% of the total cell population (++) when the stained cells were included from 26% to 50% of the total cell population (+++) and (++++) for the stained cells were accounted >50%. The obtained results were assessed and compared.FINDINGS: The expression of P53 in oral lichen planus was more than oral lichenoid lesions, (p0.05). The expression of P53 in oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions, in basal layer was more than suprabasal layer and inflammatory infiltration and in suprabasal layer was more than inflammatory infiltration. The same result gotten about P63 expression (p<0.05). The rate of P53 in oral lichen planus, in basal layer (p=0.012) suprabasal layers (p<0.0001) and inflammatory infiltration (p=0.003), was more than oral lichenoid lesions, but there was not significant statistical relation between oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions in expression of P63 in basal layer, suprabasal layer and inflammatory infiltration.CONCLUSION: The results showed the coordination activity of P63 and P53 proteins to protect oral mucosa from harmful effects of inflammation.}, Keywords = {Lichen planus, Oral lichenoid lesions, P53, P63, Immunohistochemistry}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {7-13}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3835-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3835-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Shirani, M and Alibabaei, Z and Kheiri, S and Shirzad, H and Taji, F and Asgari, A and Rafieian, M}, title = {Effect of Euphorbia Helioscopia Extract on Acute and Chronic Pain in Mice}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Most of analgesics have side effects and introducing new drugs is essential. Euphorbia helioscopia is a medicinal plant which is used by people in Chaharmahal Bakhtiary province of Iran as a painkiller. This experiment was performed to study the analgesic effect of an alcoholic extract from the aerial parts of Euphorbia helioscopia by formalin test.METHODS: In an experimental study 100 Balb/c mice were divided into 10 groups as follows: group 1 received distilled water, group 2 to 7 received 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 2 and 8mg/mouse of alcoholic extract, respectively. Group 8 received 6 mg/kg ibuprofen, group 9, 1 mg/kg naloxone and group 10 received naloxone and extract. The pain-related behavior was counted for a period of 30 min, following injection of 20 microliter of 1.5% formalin. The data obtained in case groups were compared with the ones in control group. The plant was extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96%. The extract was then concentrated and reconstructed in normal saline to produce different desired concentrations. FINDINGS: In the first 5 minutes (acute period) of the experiment 8mg/mouse of the extract and in the following 25 minutes, 0.1 and 8mg/mouse of the extract reduced pain reaction, compared to control group (p<0.05). Naloxone had no effect on this effect of the extract. CONCLUSION: Euphorbia helioscopia has antinociceptive activity that is not due to interaction with opioid system.}, Keywords = {Pain, Medicinal plant, Mouse, Euphorbia helioscopia}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {14-18}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3836-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3836-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Shiran, MR and ,GharooeeAhangar, S and Rostamkolaee, SH and Sefidgar, AA and Baradaran, M and Hashemi, M and Baleghi, M and Moghadamnia, AA}, title = {Phenotyping of CYP3A by Oral Midazolam in Healthy Mazandarani Volunteers (Iran)}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: CYP3A is responsible for hepatic microsomal metabolism of more than 50% of drugs which are its specific substrate. Metabolic activity of this enzyme depends on several factors. Since it has not been done a systematic study of the enzyme activity in Iranian population, this study was conducted to investigate the enzyme activity in a small sample of Mazandarani population (from north of Iran) using midazolam (MDZ) blood levels as an important probe.METHODS: This study was done on 100 Mazandarani healthy volunteers. After recoding individual information (age, sex and weight), subjects were given 100 ml syrup containing 10 mg midazolam. Blood samples were taken after 0.5, 2 and 6 hr after drug administration and plasma concentrations of midazolam were measured using HPLC method. Oral clearance of midazolam (CL/F) as criteria of the enzyme activity was assessed using P-Pharm software.FINDINGS: The mean (SD) of age was 24.5 ± 6.9 years. Eighteen persons were female. All the subjects experienced some degrees of sedation. The mean (SD) of clearance of MDZ was 77.22 ± 20.98 l/h and clearance of MDZ in female (83.79 ± 15.19 l/h) was higher than male (75.68 ± 21.85l/h) (p<0.001). Total volume of distribution (Vd) and elimination half life were 312.65 ± 50.44 and 2.96 ± 0.68, respectively.CONCLUSION: According to the results, a normal phenotype of CYP3A activity was observed in the Iranian participants in this study. The clearance of oral MDZ and/or CYP3A activity is higher in female subjects than in males.}, Keywords = {Phenotype of CYP3A, Midazolam, Clearance, Hepatic metabolism}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {19-25}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3838-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3838-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Azimzadeh, P and Mohebbi, SR and Romani, S and Kazemian, SH and irtalebi, H and Vahedi, M and Derakhshan, F and Zali, MR}, title = {Role of TGF-β1 Codon 10 Polymorphism in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has an inhibitory role in homeostasis of T-cell response and regulatory T cells and regulation of immune response against viral infections. Codon 10 of protein is located in the signal peptide and involved in secretion of cytokine. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of leu-pro polymorphism of codon 10 and hepatitis C susceptibility in patients.METHODS: This case-control study was performed on 112 chronic hepatitis C patients and 122 healthy control subjects. TGF-β1 gene was amplified with PCR method and genotypes were determined using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) with MspA1I restriction enzyme.FINDINGS: The frequency of CT genotype in both groups was higher than CC and TT. Genotyping results for CC, CT and TT states in patients was 50%, 19.6% and 30.4% and in healthy controls was 59%, 13.9% and 27.1% respectively. We found no significant difference between patients and healthy controls according to codon 10 polymorphism. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, no relationship was found between this protein’s genetic variations and chronic hepatitis C infection susceptibility.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis C, Cytokine, Polymorphism}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {26-33}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3839-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3839-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Zahedpasha, Y and AhmadpourKacho, M and ,PourNasrollah, M and Bijani, A and Saadat, H and Mazloumi, A}, title = {Immune Response in Preterm Infants to Hepatitis B Vaccine}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nearly one third of the worlds population has serologic evidence of past or present infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The newborn hepatitis B immunization is a critical strategy to reduce the global morbidity and mortality associated with hepatitis B. There are many studies in favor of less immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in preterm than term infants. This study was performed to evaluate the immune response in preterm infants to Hepatitis B vaccine.METHODS: This cohort was done on 71 preterm neonates with gestational age less than 37 weeks and birth weight equal or less than 2000 gram and 72 term neonates with gestational age equal or more than 37 weeks and birth weight equal or more thon 2500 gram. Sampling method was simple. Excluding criteria was including neonates of HBsAg positive mothers, infants who received less than 3 dose of vaccine and infants who received immunoglobulin or blood products. In both preterm and term groups sampling for anti-HBs was done and titer of >10 mIU/mL considered as immune response to hepatitis B vaccine. Two groups were compared according to gestational age, sex and birth weight. FINDINGS: Neonates in both preterm and term groups shown 100% response to vaccination. Immune response to vaccination have no correlation with gestational age (r=-0.112, p=0.182) and birth weight (r=-0.136, p=0.106). Mean anti HBS titer was 660±409.3 mIU/mL in preterm group and 565.4±567.9 mIU/mL in term group that showed no significant difference. In preterm group mean anti-HBs titer showed no significant difference (p=0.316) between low birth weight (1500-2000 gram), very low birth weight (1000-1500 gram) anal extremely low birth weight (<1000 gram) in preterm group. Mean anti-HBs titer show no significant difference between male and female (p=0.368), but in term group this difference was significant (p=0.007).CONCLUSION: In our study, immune response to hepatitis B vaccination was similar (100%) in preterm and term infants.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis B viruse, Vaccine, Immune response}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {34-39}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3840-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3840-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Allahtavakoli, M and Shamsizadeh, A and Jarrott, N}, title = {Effect of Delayed Stimulation of Sigma-1 Receptor on Embolic Model of Cerebral Ischemia in Rat}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that selective sigma receptor agonists have neuroprotective properties in permanent or transient models of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Neuroprotective effects of sigma receptor agonists in the embolic model of stroke have not yet been reported which were investigated in the current study.METHODS: In this experiment, 24 male Wistar rats (250-300 gr) were randomly categorized to 3 groups including control, treatment and sham. Embolic ischemia was induced by injection of 20 mm (5 µl) natural clot into MCA and in sham-operated animals 5 µl saline was injected. Animals then were treated with the sigma-1 receptor agonist PRE-084 (10mg/kg i.p) vehicle (saline) 3h and 24h after stroke. Infarct volume and neurological deficits were conducted at 48h after stroke induction and compared.FINDINGS: Infarct volume in PRE-084 treated or control groups were 11.8±1.65 and 26.45±2.19, respectively (p<0.001). Treatment with PRE-084 also improved neurologic motor and sensory behaviours (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest the neuroprotective effects of sigma-1 receptor agonists in the embolic model of stroke, which is very resemble to ischemic stroke in clinic.}, Keywords = {Sigma agonist, Embolic model of cerebral ischemia, Neuroprotection}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {40-47}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3841-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3841-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Zaheri, M and EbrahimiVostaKalai, S and Cheraghi, J}, title = {Protective Effect of Aerial Parts Extract of Scrophularia Striata on Cadmium and Mercury-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Most of these contaminants, by increased production of free radicals of oxygen, cause nephrotoxicity in human and experimental animals. Anti-oxidant structures existing in the medicinal plants are suitable candidates for protection against poisoning by these substances. In the present research, for the first time, the effect of the alcoholic juice of the aerial sections of scrophularia striata (Teshnehdaru) on nephrotoxicity caused by cadmium and mercury is investigated.METHODS: Forty two male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=7) to receive a daily corresponding dose of cadmium chloride (3mg/kg, i.p., group Cd), mercuric chloride (1.5mg/kg, i.p., group Hg), extract of Scrophularia striata (400 mg/kg, i.p., group Ss), combination extract and cadmium chloride (CS), combination extract and mercury chloride (HS) and normal saline as control (CT). At the end of the 8 day blood samples were collected and nephrotoxicity was evaluated by measuring serum urea, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid concentration. FINDINGS: Administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata induced a significant decrease urea and uric acid compared with control group. Cd- induced increases in urea, creatinine, BUN and uric acid were significantly reduced by treatment with extract. In compared with control group in Hg group uric acid and creatinine increased but urea and BUN decreased. Treatment with extract improved nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSION: The results showed that scrophularia striata may have a protective effect against heavy metal induced nephrotoxicity.}, Keywords = {Scrophularia striata, Nephrotoxicity, Mercury, Cadmium}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {48-53}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3842-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3842-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Emadian, O and Naghshvar, F and Rafiei, AR and Maleki, E and Torabizadeh, J and RezaeiFar,}, title = {Correlation of Human Papillomavirus Infection with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) plays an important role in the genesis of cancers of cervix and oral cavity. Squamous epithelium of esophagus is an appropriate site for HPV infection. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of this infection with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).METHODS: In a case-control study forty cases of ESCC and forty controls with nonmalignant specimens from the patients referred to Imam Khomeini hospital–Sari (Mazandaran, Iran) during eight years (2001-2008) were enrolled. Extracted DNAs from the specimens were analyzed for HPV DNA with the commercial kits available for HPV.FINDINGS: Fifteen (37.5%) cases of ESCC and 5 (12.5%) specimens of controls were positive for HPV DNA (p=0.03). The most common genotypes in the ESCC patients and control group were HPV16 & HPV45 (each 15% for ESCC patients HPV16 7.5% and HPV45 five percent for the controls). There was no significant difference for HPV genotype and patient’s age, sex or tumor’s stage and grade.CONCLUSION: HPV may be counted as an important risk factor for ESCC in northern region of Iran.}, Keywords = {Human papillomaviruses, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {54-59}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3843-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3843-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Esmaeili-Dooki, MR and MehrabaniTabari, S and Hadipour, A and Bijani, A}, title = {Anorectal Manometry as a Tool to Determine the Necessity of Rectal Biopsy in Children with Severe Chronic Constipation}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Constipation is one of the most common disorders of gastrointestinal tract in children. Anorectal manometry (AM) is a non-invasive procedure to determine its etiology. The aim of this study was to present the findings of this diagnostic procedure and relationship between clinical manifestations and determining the necessity of rectal biopsy. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 192 children with chronic constipation aged between 6 months to 12 years during 2008-2010 at Amirkola children’s hospital. For unresponsive cases to treatment, AM was performed. The association of fecal incontinency (FI) and withholding status, with recto anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), internal anal sphincter tonicity (IAT) and necessity of rectal biopsy was analyzed.FINDINGS: The mean age of patients was 48.1±27.5 months. RAIR was present in 177 cases (92.2%) and absent in 15 cases (7.8%). The mean IAT was 34.1±19.9 cmH2O. All of the cases with history of FI were RAIR positive (p=0.04) and cases with history of withholding were RAIR positive too (p=0.607). Out of the 6 cases with rectal biopsy, in 4 patients Hirschsprung’s Disease (HD) was proved (2.08% of cases) that in these 4 cases, RAIR was not completely present.CONCLUSION: This study shows that although RAIR is present in the majority of severe chronic constipated patients, but HD is not ruled out specially in patients without FI and withholding and AM is beneficial in this specific group, for choosing them for probable rectal biopsy.}, Keywords = {Children, Constipation, Manometry, Rectum}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {60-66}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3844-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3844-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Abravesh, AA and ShokriShirvani, J and Bijani, A and Heidari, B and Shafigh, E}, title = {Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Women with Helicobacter Pylori (HP) Induced Chronic Gastritis in Comparison with Healthy Women}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis and bone fracture consequence to it is an important cause of disability particularly in the elderly women. Identifying the causes of osteoporosis and its treatment is important in fracture prevention. The present study was parformed to determine the relationship between helicobactor pylori infection (HP) and ostoporosis in the women.METHODS: In this cross sectional study, forty-two women with clinical features of dyspepsia due to HP– induced chronic gastritis confirmed by gastroscopy and biopsy were compared with 52 healthy control women without dyspepsia. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Femoral neck BMD gr/cm2 and spine BMD gr/m2 were compared between whole number of two groups as well as between patients and controls according to age. FINDINGS: The mean age of patients and controls were 51.6± 9.2 and 51.7± 6.5 years, respectively. There were no significant differences in mean spine and femoral neck BMD between the whole numbers of patients and controls. But in groups aged 50 and /=50 years with those aged < 50 years demonstrated a significant difference only in patients for spine BMD (p=0.017) but not in the controls.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that HP-induced inflammation has no adverse effect over femoral neck BMD but has negative effect on spine BMD in women aged >/=50 years. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.}, Keywords = {Chronic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori, Bone mineral density}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {67-72}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3845-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3845-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Sadreddini, M and Rasmi, Y and Maleki, T}, title = {Frequency of ABO and Rh Blood Groups in Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GRED) is one of the most common digestive disorders. The relationship between H. Pylori infection and blood groups has been demonstrated. Frequency of blood groups was investigated in many gastrointestinal diseases. Since there is no considerable information about the relationship between blood groups and gastroesophageal reflux, in this study we examine the frequency of ABO and Rh group system with gastroesophageal reflux.METHODS: In this analytic-descriptive study, patients with gastro esophageal reflux disease that attended in Urmia Imam university hospital digestive clinic after verifying the reflux (pyrosis three times a week for more than three months) enrolled in study and after determining age and sex referred to the laboratory for determining the ABO blood group and Rh factor. Collected data from the blood groups, Rh, age and sex convert to the numerical codes and compare with frequency of blood groups in west Azarbaijan. FINDINGS: In this study 175 patients, 92 male (52.6%) and 83 female (47.4%) have been studied. Mean age of patients was 39.14±12.99 years. Seventy two patients (41.1%) were A+, 2 (1.1%) patients were A-, 27 (15.4%) were B+, 3 (1.7%) were B-, 12 (6.9%) patients were AB+, 1 patient (0.6%) was AB with negative Rh and 49 patients (28%) were O+ and 9 patients (5.2%) were O- blood group. Among 34000 blood donors, 11216 (33.2%) was A+, 10219 (30.2%) was O+, 19% was B+, 7% was AB+ and 1% was AB-.CONCLUSION: This study shows there is a high frequency of A+ blood group in gastroesophageal reflux patients. According to these results there is no correlation between gastroesophageal reflux disease and ABO and Rh blood group systems.}, Keywords = {Gastroesophageal Reflux, ABO blood- group system, Rh-Hr blood-group system}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {73-77}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3846-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3846-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Rezaei, R and Saatsaz, S and HajiHosseini, F and Sharifnia, SH and Nazari, R}, title = {Quality of Life in Gynecologic Cancer Patients before and after Chemotherapy}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gynecology cancer is one of the most important issues in oncology and social medicine. Quality of life assessment in gynecologic cancer patients helps to evaluate the effect of treatment and supportive interventions in these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life and its sub- scales in gynecologic cancer patients before and after chemotherapy and its related factors.METHODS: This cross–sectional study was performed on 54 gynecologic cancer patients who were selected with proposal sampling. Data were collected with demographic and FACT-G questionnaires in individual interview before and 3 months after chemotherapy for quality of life evaluation. The quality of life was evaluated in four subgroups: physical, socio-familial, emotional and functional health. The minimum and maximum score of overall quality of life was 0 and 108, respectively. FINDINGS: The mean age of patients was 54.70±13.80 years. The mean of physical, socio-familial, emotional, functional health and overall quality of life before treatment (61.69±18.48) was higher than after treatment (71.68 ± 16.38) (p<0.05). There was a relationship between age and overall quality of life after treatment (r = -0/42, p= 0.001). There was no significant difference between quality of life and marital status, education, job, economic status and type of cancer. CONCLUSION: Complete duration of chemotherapy treatment can cause the overall improvement of quality of life in gynecologic cancer patients. Patient perception of this leads to better acceptance of cancer treatment.}, Keywords = {Quality of life, FACT - G questionnaire, Gynecologic cancer}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {78-84}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3847-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3847-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {KeyhanAH,TahmasbpourMarzonyE,FarhadiN,KamaliM,}, title = {The Cloning and Expression of Carboxyl Terminal Part of Protective Antigen from Bacillus Anthracis}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Antibody production against to protective antigen (PA) can be helpful in immunotherapy and anthrax treatment. The carboxyl terminal part of PA has the most important playing in immune system induction. The objective of this study is cloning and recombinant expression of carboxyl site of protective protein for antibody production.METHODS: In this experimental study after DNA extraction from Bacillus anthracis, the presence of PA gene on bacterial chromosome was confirmed by PCR method. The site of carboxyl terminal from PA protein amplified by PCR method, then PCR productions and plasmid were cut out by BamH I and Hind III restriction enzymes. PCR production and plasmid transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). Clones containing gene of interest was determined by PCR reaction, enzyme digestion and sequencing. Moreover, the production of recombinant proteins was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western methods.FINDINGS: The sequence of carboxyl terminal part of PA was confirmed by sequencing, PCR and enzymatic digestion method which suggestion to intended gene cloning in E. coli BL21 (DE3). SDS-PAGE and western blotting confirmed the production of recombinant protein with 20 KD in molecular weight.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, this recombinant protein can be produced in high levels by this method, which opens a new window for vaccine and monoclonal antibody production against the intended disease.}, Keywords = {Bacillus anthracis, PA protein, Cloning, Anthrax}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {7-14}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3867-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3867-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {MohammadiS,FirouzjahiAR,ShokriShirvaniJ,BijaniA,}, title = {Comparison of Serum Gastrin Level with Anti–Helicobacter Pylori Antibody in Helicobacter Pylori Infected Patients with and without Peptic Ulcer}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Colonization of helicobacter pylori bacteria on the surface of the gastric epithelium causes acute and chronic inflammatory process. The reason why Helicobacter pylori cause different gastroduodenal diseases and why some people with helicobacter infection develop peptic ulcer is not clear. This study was performed to compare the gastrin and serum IgG antibody level between two groups with and without peptic ulcer.METHODS: This case control study was performed on 106 dyspeptic patients referred to endoscopy unit in Shahid Beheshti hospital of Babol, Iran. For each participant blood samples were obtained for the measurement of IgG antibody and gastrin. Fifty four patients were positive (case group) and 52 patients were negative (control group) for peptic ulcer in endoscopy. All who were positive for H. pylori by means of histological detection were enrolled into the study. Then the results were separately compared between the groups. The other factors including age, sex, weight and height of patients were enrolled in the study.FINDINGS: Mean age of patients in ulcer group was 46.7±13.4 years and in control group was 42.7±12.7 years. Mean gastrin level in case group was 8.9±11.8 pmol/lit and in control group was 11.9±14.9 pmol/lit (p=0.4). Mean IgG antibody to H. pylori in case group was 18.8±25.2 Iu/ml and in control group was 30.8±36.3 Iu/ml (p=0.05). The mean IgG antibody and gastrin levels in control group were higher than case group. There was no correlation between the level of antibody or serum gastrin and ulcer formation and other factors like weight, height, sex and age.CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the level of IgG antibody or serum gastrin in serum could not predict the possibility of developing ulcer. More studies in different age groups and correlation with histopathology is recommended.}, Keywords = {Gastritis, Peptic ulcer, Gastrin level, Helicobacter pylori antibody}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {15-20}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3868-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3868-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {DehghanGh,EbrahimiS,ShaghaghiM,JafariA,MohammadiM,BadalzadehR,FallahS,}, title = {Antioxidant Effect of Cinnamon Bark Extract following an Exhaustive Exercise in Male Rats}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The beneficial effects of regular exercise in preventing and treating many chronic diseases are known. Considering that the beneficial effects are lost with exhaustion, the purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidative effects of cinnamon bark extract (CBE) supplementation in attenuating markers of oxidative stress induced by an exhaustive exercise in male rats.METHODS: Eighteen male rats (200-300gr) were randomly assigned to: (control group) without treatment (exhaustive exercise group) the rats run on a treadmill to exhaustion in the last session and (supplemented group) the rats supplemented with 200 mg/kg/day of CBE for 10 weeks and run on a treadmill to exhaustion in the last session. After exhaustion of rats, blood samples were collected, then total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured by FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma) method, plasma thiol concentration and level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the serum samples by a colorimetric method (Hu) and by TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) method respectively. GPX activity was determined using washed red cell based on Paglia and Valentine method by GPX kit.FINDINGS: Compared to control group (62.01±12.7) activity of GPX in exhaustive group (91.95±18.58) was increased (p<0.05). Compared to exhaustive exercise (2.09±0.26), significant decrease in serum level of MDA in supplemented group (1.20±0.24) and control group (1.25±0.17) was observed (p<0.01). The decrease of plasma thiol concentration in exhaustive group (0.054±0.002) ratio of supplemented group (0.18±0.04), (p<0.01) and control group (0.14±0.03), (p<0.05) was significant. Compared to control group (0.31±0.05), the significant elevation of serum TAC in supplemented group (0.55±0.08) was observed (p< 0.01).CONCLUSION: According to results of current study, CBE supplementation before an exhaustive exercise decreased lipid peroxidation and improved anti-oxidative potential in rats.}, Keywords = {Cinnamon bark, Antioxidant supplementation, Glutathione peroxidase, Malon dialdehyde}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {21-28}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3869-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3869-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {DisfaniR,MoradiS,AfkhamiJediF,}, title = {Comparison of Apical Transportation with Using Hand, Reciprocal and Race Instrumentation}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mechanical preparation of root canal system is an important objective of root canal therapy. Many rotary devices have been produced to decrease instrumentation time and improve its quality.The purpose of this study was to compare apical transportation in root canal treatment with three methods of hand, reciprocal and rotary (Race) instrumentation.METHODS: In this experimental study 45 extracted human mandibular first molar were selected. The crown was cut at CEJ. The roots were mounted in acrylic resin material. The roots had a 20-40 degree canal curvature. Teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group one was prepared with hand method and NiTi files, group two was prepared with Endogripper handpiece and NiTi files, group three was prepared with Race rotary system. By superimposing the initial file and MAF radiography the apical transportation was evaluated (double exposure radiography method). FINDINGS: Race rotary system (group 3) had prepared canals without transportation and deviation in the original shape of canals. NiTi hand files (group 1) had prepared canals with 8 apical transportations out of 15 root canals. Reciprocal handpiece with NiTi files had prepared canals with 7 apical transportations. Race rotary system was prepared canals with significant the least apical transportations than other groups (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: The results showed that original canal shape in apical region had minimum transportation with race rotary system compare with hand or reciprocal preparation.}, Keywords = {Transportation, Root canal preparation, Nickel titanium file, Reciprocal}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {29-33}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3870-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3870-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Moussavi-NajarkolaSA,KhavaninA,MirzaeeR,SalehniaM,AkbariM,AsilianH,SoleimanianA,}, title = {Study of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Noise-induced hearing loss remains as the most common problem in industrial societies. This research was conducted to study noise-induced hearing loss by distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).METHODS: This study was carried out on 12 male New Zealand White rabbits including control (exposed to noise) and experimental (exposed to 95 dBA SPL white noise at 500-8000 Hz for 8 hours per day during 5 consecutive days). DPOAEs were measured and compared in days zero (before exposure as baseline), eighth (experimental: an hour after latest exposure to noise for Temporary Threshold Shifts: TTS), tenth (experimental: 48 hours after latest exposure to noise for Permanent Threshold Shifts: PTSs).FINDINGS: The most and the least values of TTSs, PTSs and DPOAEs amplitude in noise group were correspond to frequencies of 5888.50 Hz and 588.00 Hz, respectively (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between TTSs, PTSs and DPOAEs amplitude at different frequencies in right and left ear of noise group (p<0.05). This difference was related to frequency 5888.5 Hz in each of right and left ear of noise group compared to other frequencies in same ear (p0.05).CONCLUSION: Excessive noise can cause TTSs and noise-induced PTSs and decreased DPOAEs amplitudes. Therefore, DPOAEs can be attributed as a useful tool for study of noise-induced hearing loss.}, Keywords = {Noise, Hearing loss, Distortion product otoacoustic emissions}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {34-43}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3871-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3871-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {MehdivandA,SajjadiP,BaleghiM,BarzegariA,AsgariB,SoleimanMi,}, title = {Comparison between the Effect of Half Time and Full Time in Soccer Match on Mucosal Immune Factors in Male Soccer Players}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intense physical activity and psychological stress cause the suppression of mucosal immune system in athletes, since the suppression of this system influences on athletes ability for training and match so the aim of this study was to compare the mucosal immune responses in soccer players in half time and full time soccer match. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 22 soccer players of two Iranian teams of second division soccer league with mean age of 21±2 years, BMI 24.6± 2.1 kg/m2, VO2max 51.1±3.3 ml.kgm-1.min. Four ml unstimulated saliva samples were collected during 4 minutes before, between the two halves and full time and immediately after match. Changes of immune parameters between the two halves and full time of the match were compared.FINDINGS: There was not a significant difference in indicators IgA, mucosal osmolality, cortisol, saliva rate and IgA to osmolality ratio between the two halves and full time of the match (p<0.05). On the other hand, from start to finish of the match, there was a significant increase in osmolality rates (87.47 to 106 mOsmol.kg-1) and salivary cortisol (3.31 to 3.83 ng.ml-1) and also a significant decrease in salvia flow rate (459.52 to 376.43µl. min(, IgA concentration (199.65 to 170.68 mg.1-1)(p=0.000) and IgA to osmolality ratio (2.28 to 1.61 µg.mOsmol-1, p=0.002). However no difference in the solute secretion rate has been found (40.19 to 39.90 µOsmol. min, p=0.861).CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, we can claim that time factor can have inappropriate effects on mucosal immune function and soccer players must pay attention to the recovery between the two halves and after match.}, Keywords = {Mucosal immune, Immunoglobulin A, Osmolality, Cortisol, Salvia flow rate, Solute secretion rate}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {44-51}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3872-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3872-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {AsnafiN,HajiAhmadiM,JavanSh,TaheriB,BaleghiM,}, title = {Comparison of Pregnancy Outcomes in Diabetic Pregnant Women with Control Group}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetes is the most common medical disease in pregnancy. In the first of 20th century the most of diabetic women were infertile and some women who got pregnant had a poor prognosis, but now Insulin therapy increases the chance of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to compare maternal and neonatal morbidity in diabetic pregnant women with control group.METHODS: This cohort study as simple sampling was done on 80 pregnant women with diabetes who were under treatment and 160 non diabetic pregnant women during 2 years. Data including maternal and neonatal characteristics and morbidity were recorded and compared.FINDINGS: The mean age of patients in diabetic women and control group was 30.3±6.6 and 26.1±4.8 years, respectively. Gravid, parity, live birth, presentation and morbidity showed no significant difference between diabetic and control group. Percent of abortion in diabetic group (n=24, 30%) was significantly higher than control group (n= 9, 11.3%) (p=0.000). Percent of cesarean section and the mean of birth weight in diabetic group were significantly higher than control group (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Although diabetes is the commonest medical disease in pregnancy but good control of blood sugar can reduce the maternal and neonatal morbidity.}, Keywords = {Diabetes, Pregnancy, Morbidity, Insulin}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {52-57}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3873-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3873-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {EshraghiP,AbbaskhanianA,BijaniA,HosseinzadehS,}, title = {Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Growth in Phenylketonuria Patients in Mazandaran Province Iran}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is one of the most frequent metabolic diseases which is transmitted as autosomal recessive pattern due to phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. Appropriate diet with restricted phenylalanine is the base of treatment. According to some difficulties in our country for these patients and limited native studies exist about the results of such treatment means protein limitation and replacing an expensive and unavailable foods, this study was designed to evaluate nutritional status with calculating the calorie, protein, carbohydrate and fat of patients’ diet and iron storage and iron deficiency anemia in PKU patients.METHODS: This is a cross sectional study which evaluated all of the PKU patients in Mazandaran province during 2009-2010 in metabolic clinics in Babol and Sari, Iran. Nutritional status was evaluated according to 72 hours diet recall sheet which the patient or his/her parent recorded all of the nutrients that was eaten within 3 days then nutritional contents: carbohydrate, protein, fat and calories were evaluated by nutritionist. Demographic information was studied according to questionnaire and iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia was studied according to blood sample and measurement of hemoglobin, hematocrit MCV, MCH, MCHC, Ferritin and response to treatment with ferrous sulfate.FINDINGS: Twenty one PKU patients were studied which 7 ones (33.3%) were female and 14 ones (66.7%) were male with mean age of 7.26±6.64 years. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia was present in respectively in 10 (47.1%) and 6 patients (28.6%). Deficiency of energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat was seen in 9 patients (42.86%), 14 patients (66.67%), 9 patients (42.86%) and 6 patients (28.57%), respectively. 23.8% of patients were underweight, 23.8% of patients were microcephal and 4 patients (19%) were short stature.CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the nutritional status and growth of patients was not good, so attention to nutritional demands in PKU patients to reduce malnutrition and iron deficiency is essential.}, Keywords = {Nutrition, Phenylketonuria, Iron deficiency anemia}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {58-62}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3874-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3874-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {IzadpanahF,DinarvandR,SheibaniA,SabetS,AhmadiMoghadamA,IranmaneshA,}, title = {Effect of Pharmaceutical Care Unit Activities on Health Personnel Knowledge in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran (2009-2010)}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pharmaceutical care unit of hospital structures are inalienable components and all activities related to medicine in the hospital must be done under the supervision of this unit. Regarding the importance of medical staff knowledge level about adverse drug reaction, this study was conducted to assess personnel knowledge and to estimate effectiveness of staff training about drugs.METHODS: This prospective interventional study was conducted on 96 nurses in Shahid Beheshti hospital of Kashan, Iran. The nurses knowledge level about rational drug prescription was evaluated before and after staff training via questionnaire by hospital pharmaceutical care unit.FINDINGS: All participants in this study were nurses and 67 (70%) were at bachelor level. The majority of nurses knew little about the adverse drug reaction (ARD) and also pharmaceutical care unit. Medical books and doctors were known to be the only sources of information and consultation (66%). All nurses were trained by affective learning materials about drug information and the importance of pharmaceutical care unit in hospital. At the end of education, the results showed that all nurses believed consultation with the clinical pharmacist and hospital pharmaceutical care unit were best sources for getting drug information.CONCLUSION: Due to low awareness about drug administration in health personnel, it is necessary to increase their knowledge about drug administration and the necessity of drug consultation service for better collaboration between pharmacists and other health personnel in order to provide better health service.}, Keywords = {Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Clinical insight, Practice, Healthcare worker, Consultation, Education}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {63-68}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3875-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3875-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {ModarresSR,MoazzeziZ,SalamatfarH,}, title = {Treatment Outcomes of 22 Patients with Substernal Goiter}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The substernal goiter is a condition in which more than 50% of thyroid gland extended to the mediastinum. In this study the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and the surgical complications in 22 patients were assessed.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study the recorded files of all patients who went under thyroidectomy operation in Shahid Beheshti and Yahyanejad hospitals in recent 15 years (from 1994 to 2009) were assessed. Twenty six patients had substernal thyroid and their age, sex, pathology, symptoms, method of thyroidectomy, the postoperation complications, mortality and type of incision were evaluated.FINDINGS: Four files from 26 files were excluded from study because of information deficits. Twenty two patients were included in the study. 77.3 of them (17 cases) were female. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was seen in one patient. The most common symptom in 72.7% of patients (16 cases) was dyspnea. Pathology reports in 9 % of patients (2 cases) showed malignancy and in 91% (20 cases) were benign. All operations were done with cervical incision.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the substernal goiter is often curable and the operation complications rarely happen.}, Keywords = {Substernal goiter, Incision, Complications, Thyroidectomy}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {69-72}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3877-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3877-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {FarhadiR,NakhshabM,KosarianM,}, title = {Two Cases of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Two Sets of Twins with Fetal Goiter}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Congenital hypothyroidism is a neonatal disorder that late diagnosis and treatment of it can be resulted to mental retardation and irreversible brain damage. Neonatal goiter is a rare condition that can be associated with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. The aim of this report is early diagnosis and treatment. CASE: In this article we report two female twins that had goiter and prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography had been documented for them. At third days of life patients with diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism treated with Levothyroxin. Now they are 10 months old and developmentally normal. Size of goiter has been reduced and thyroid function tests are acceptable.CONCLUSION: Results of this report revealed that in conditions that prenatal management of fetal goiter is not available brain damage in patients can be prevented by early etiologic diagnosis of neonatal goiter and early treatment of dyshormonogenesis.}, Keywords = {Fetal goiter, Dyshormonogenesis, Neonatal goiter, Neonatal hypothyroidism}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {73-77}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3876-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3876-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {KhorashadizadehF,BayaniGh,SoltaniZ,}, title = {A Case Report of Malignant Infantile Osteopetrosis}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Infantile osteopetrosis is a rare genetic fetal and metabolic congenital osteo- disorder. It results from dysfunction or lack of osteoclasts. Most of patients die from anemia, bleeding and infection. The present article is a case report of malignant infantile osteopetrosis that occurred first time in Bojnord, Iran. The aim of this report is to clarify clinical manifestation of osteopetrosis, and can be helpful to diagnosis rapidly and manage sufficiently in future.CASE: A 2-month female baby with infantile osteopetrosis was referred with growth retardation, severe abdominal distention, petitia and purport. Osteopetrosis was confirmed with clinical and paraclinical examinations. She was treated with blood and PLT transfusion and discharged in good general condition.CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that early detection and interventions can decrease mortality and morbidity in infantile osteopetrosis.}, Keywords = {Malignant infantile osteopetrosis, Case report}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {78-82}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3878-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3878-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Molana,, Z and FerdosiShahandashti,, E and Gharavi,, S and Shafii,, M and Norkhomami,, S and Ahangarkani, F and Rajabnia, R}, title = {Molecular Investigation of Class I Integron in Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolated from Intensive Care Unit (Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Babol 2010)}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important agents of nosocomial infections and drug resistance. Integrons are genetic elements that carry genetic determinants for antimicrobial drug resistance. The role of class I integron genes is very important to transfer of antibiotic resistance. The aim of the present study is isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae from the environment and equipments in intensive care unit (ICU), investigation of class I integron genes in these strains and determine their susceptibility or resistance to antibiotics.METHODS: The descriptive and analytical study was carried out on 30 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolatesd from ICU of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Babol, Iran in 2010. Sampling of environment and equipments in ICU was carried out. After isolation and extraction of DNA, class I integron gene was investigated by PCR and specific primers. Also for the sensitivity test to antibiotics of Ciprofloxacin, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftizoxime, Cefotaxime, Amikacin, Ofloxazin, Imipenem, Cefepim, Ticarcilin and Gentamicin was performed by disk diffusion method.FINDINGS: From 30 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 36.6 percent (11 samples) have had class I integron gene. After sensitivity test, from 9 of the 26 resistant isolates to Cefazolin, 10 of 25 resistant isolates to Ceftriaxone, 11 of 27 resistant isolates to Ceftizoxime, Cefotaxime and Cefepim, 9 of 18 resistant isolates to Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem, 11 of 26 resistant isolates to Ticarcilin, 5 of 17 resistant isolates to Ofloxazin, 5 of 11 resistant isolates to Amikacin and 8 of 26 resistant isolates to Gentamicin had class I integron gene. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show contamination of environment and equipments in ICU was increased. The class I integron gene frequency in these strains is high that can have important and basic role in occurrence and transfer of antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae, isolated from the environment and ICU equipments, is very high that it can be due to the irregular use of antibiotics. Measures should be thought to prevent occurrence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance elements.}, Keywords = {Klebsiella pneumoniae, Integron class I, Antibiotic resistance}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {7-13}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3919-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3919-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mirhosseini,, N and Najafi,, N and Shiran,, MR and Moghadamnia, AA}, title = {Pharmacokinetics Characteristics of Clomiphene Citrate in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There are no pharmacokinetic data on CC isomers zuclomiphene (Zu) and enclomiphene (En) in patients receiving the drug, mainly women with polycystic ovary disease (PCOS). Thus, the main purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of Zu and En isomers and their intersubject variability, for the first time, in anovular patients with PCOS after a single oral administration of CC.METHODS: Nine women with infertility and PCOS who referred to the infertility clinic were included in this study. After getting consent of patients and ethical approval from the University ethics committee, they received clomiphene citrate 50 mg on the first day of their menstrual cycle. LH, FSH and prolactin levels were measured before and after medication. Plasma concentrations of Zu and En were measured in the patients from the second day of their menstrual cycle (day 1 of dosing) up to 21 days. FINDINGS: The mean (± coefficient of variation) of Cmax, tmax, and AUC of Zu was 15±41 ng/mL, 7±87 h, and 1289±34 ng/mL.h (AUC0-456 h), and that of En was 15±18 ng/mL, 3±68 h, and 65±35 ng/ml.h (AUC0-72 h), respectively.CONCLUSION: These parameters appeared to be different for Zu from those reported previously in healthy participant the pharmacokinetic parameters of En in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome were not generally different from the healthy subjects.}, Keywords = {Infertility, Polycystic ovary disease, Clomiphene citrate, Zuclomiphene, Enclomiphene}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {14-20}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3920-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3920-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Kermanshah, H and HashemiKamangar,, S and Arami, S and Mirsalehian,, A and Kamalinegad, M and Karimi,, M and Jabalameli, F}, title = {Comparison of Antibacterial Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Four Plants against Cariogenic Microorganisms by two in Vitro Methods}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Caries is a multifactorial disease with a microbial nature. Thus, more concentration on its operative treatment will lead to failure in annihilating its origin. On the other hand, because of known side effects of antibiotics and world attraction to traditional treatment and importance of drug extraction of natural material and plants, this study was done to compare the antibacterial effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis, Pimpinella anisum, Mentha longifolia and Achillea millefolium against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces viscosus with two in vitro methods.METHODS: In this experimental study, hydroalcoholic extracts have been prepared from Salvia officinalis, Pimpinella anisum, Mentha longifolia and Achillea millefolium with maceration method. Their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces viscosus have been evaluated with Broth macrodilution (the method in which amounts of antimicrobial agents is diluted in broth environment serially) (0.18-200 µg/ml) and Agar diffusion (the method in which antimicrobial effect is assessed in solid environment) (0.78-400 µg/ml) methods.FINDINGS: In Broth macrodilution method MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) for Pimpinella anisum, Salvia officinalis, Mentha longifolia and Achillea millefolium for Streptococcus mutans were respectively 12.5, 6.25, 12.5 and 50 µg/ml, for Lactobacillus rhamnosus 12.5,1.56, 3.12 and 12.5 µg/ml and for Actinomyces viscosus 50, 12.5, 100 and 50 µg/ml. In Agar diffusion method Pimpinella anisum and Salvia officinalis against Streptococcus mutans, Pimpinella anisum against Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Mentha longifolia against Actinomyces viscosus had antibacterial effect.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, four extracts had growth inhibitory effect on all three bacteria. Salvia officinalis had greater effect on inhibition of growth of all three bacteria. All of the extracts had bactericidal effect in the range of concentration.}, Keywords = {Dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Actinomyces viscosus, Salvia officinalis, Mentha longifolia, Achillea millefolium, Pimpinella anisum, Antibacterial effect}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {21-29}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3921-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3921-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ghorbani, R and Ghanbari,, S and Khazaei,, M and Jalili, S}, title = {Genistein Effect on Sex Hormones, Sperm Count and Sperm Viability in Male Rats}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Genistein is a soya phytoestrogen having estrogenic effects. Phytoestrogen has been introduced as one of the elements of unproductively in some animals, but previous studies on genistein role in male reproductive system have shown contradictory results. Since no similar study has taken place in Iran, the present study has been designed for evaluation of genistein effects on male reproductive system.METHODS: In this experimental study, 30 male rats with 13 weeks of age and limited weight of 220 to 250 grams were selected. They were divided into six groups of 5, and different genistein doses (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg/kg) were injected subcutaneously on 14 consecutive days to male rats. After 24 hours animal were killed and then their blood testosterone, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), and (LH Luteinizing hormone) were measured via ELAISA method. Sperm count and viability were measured through WHO protocols. FINDINGS: There was a significant reduction in FSH plasma levels among groups that were injected low doses of genistein while by increasing the genistein dose the inhibitory effect of reducing became slower (p<0.05). There were not any significant differences between other indicators. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, genistein has an effect on FSH level of plasma and the functioning of male reproductive system.}, Keywords = {Genistein, Phytoestrogen, Testosterone, Sperm count, Rat}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {30-36}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3922-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3922-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Niazmand, S and Zabihi, N and Harandizadeh,, F and Rezaee, AR}, title = {The Effect of the Supernatant of Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) Stimulated Lymphocytes on the Isolated Rat Heart}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cytokines are mainly released during immune responses to antigens. In some circumstances such as toxic shock during super-antigen stimulation, high level of cytokines are released which it may have a dramatic impact on cardiovascular system. Therefore, in the present study the effects of supernatant of Phytohemaglotinin (PHA)- stimulated lymphocytes on isolated heart in rat have been evaluated.METHODS: This is an interventional study which was arranged on 20 male Wistar rats weighed 200-250g. The animals were randomly divided in two groups of control and test. The isolated heart in control group received the cell culture medium with PHA, while in test group the supernatants of PHA stimulated lymphocytes were introduced to isolated hearts. Three dilutions of supernatants (1/800, 1/400 and 1/200) on isolated rat hearts were used. Each concentration was infused to the heart for 10 minutes and the heart rate and the intraventricular pressure were recorded for 40 minutes. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers were isolated and stimulated by PHA in vitro for three days and then the supernatants were harvested. FINDINGS: The highest dilution, 1/800, reduced the heart rate 1 and 2 minute after infusion significantly (p<0.05). This effect was significant 10 minutes after infusion for 1/400 and 1/200 dilutions as well. However, the effect of supernatant on the Max dp/dt, Min dp/dt, Max LV and Min LV were not significant.CONCLUSION: In general the data in the present study shows that cytokine pattern of PHA stimulated lymphocyte had a marked negative impact on heart rate which might be due to the effect of these cytokines on stimulatory and conductivity (chronotropy) of cardiac muscle. On the other hand, there was not any significant effect on contractility.}, Keywords = {Isolated heart, Heart contractility, Heart rate, Phytohemagglutinin, Lymphocyte}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {37-44}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3923-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3923-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Hashemian,, M and Vakili,, AR and Akaberi, A}, title = {Effect of Glucose–Insulin–Potassium on Plasma Concentrations of C - Reactive Protein in Acute Myocardial Infarction}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: According to high prevalence and mortality of ischemic heart disease, mention to treatment is important. Glucose–insulin–potassium (GIK) as an adjunctive treatment of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been suggested but its effects are controversial. Whereas C-reactive protein (CRP) has prognostic value, we aimed to evaluate the effect of GIK on Plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein in STEMI patients.METHODS: This randomized clinical trial enrolled 72 patients who had STEMI that were referred to Vaseie hospital of Sabzevar, Iran. Patients were categorized to two groups by block randomization and were treated with a high dose of GIK (25% glucose, 50 IU of soluble insulin per liter, and 80 m mol of potassium chloride per liter at 1 ml/kg/hour) (GIK group) or normal saline (control group) as adjunct to thrombolytic therapy. We analyzed Plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline and sequentially for 48 hours.FINDINGS: Baseline CRP)GIK=5.6±5.9,control=4.0±4.3mg/L, p=0.35 (were significantly increased to 3-fold at 48 hours in each group (GIK=16.8±2.2, control=15.5±3.2mg/L, p=0.17). There was no difference in plasma concentrations of CRP between GIK and control patients (p=0.24). Mean glucose level over 6 hours was higher in GIK group (212±13 mg/dL) than control group (142±46 mg/dL, p=0.006). CONCLUSION: In patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with streptokinase, glucose-insulin-potassium therapy offers no anti-inflammatory effect.}, Keywords = {Glucose, Insulin, Potassium, Myocardial infarction, C-reactive protein}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {45-51}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3924-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3924-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Bouzari,, Z and Yazdani,, SH and Haghshenas,, M and Javadian,, M and Shirkhani, Z and Memarian, M}, title = {Comparison of Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in HELLP Syndrome and Preeclampsia}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: HELLP syndrome is a serious presentation of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia during pregnancy and its diagnosis is difficult because of lack of specific features. This syndrome is associated with prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of HELLP syndrome with preeclampsia in Yahyanejad hospital (Babol, Iran) in the past ten years.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients with pre-eclampcia/eclampcia who were hospitalized in Yahyanejad hospital during 10 years. Primary data, clinical and laboratory data, prenatal and maternal complications included (cesarean section, placental abruption, need to blood transfusion, liver hematoma, pulmonary edema, acute renal failure, DIC, brain hematoma and infection, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, ARDS and maternal mortality) and neonatal complications included (preterm neonates, IUGR, NICU admission and neonate mortality) were compared.FINDINGS: In this study, from 445 patients who were evaluated, 361 patients (81.3%) with mild preeclampsia, 83 patients (18.7%) with severe pre eclampsia and 1 (%0.2) with eclampsia were hospitalized in primary diagnosis, that 12 patients (2.7%) had HELLP syndrome symptoms. Cases of placental abruption, liver hematoma, pulmonary edema, need to blood transfusion, acute renal failure, DIC and maternal mortality in patients with HELLP syndrome was significant in compared to preeclampsia (p<0.05). Neonatal complications included preterm neonates, IUGR, NICU admission in patients with HELLP syndrome were significant in compared to preeclampsia (p<0.05). Also no case of brain hemorrhage and infection, ARDS, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, IUFD and neonatal mortality was reported.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, maternal and fetal complications in patients with HELLP syndrome can be prevented and this could be result of early diagnosis and appropriate management.}, Keywords = {HELLP syndrome, Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, Maternal complication, Neonatal complication}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {52-58}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3925-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3925-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Bagherian,, R and Sanei, H and Kalantari, H}, title = {The Mediating Processes between Depression and Cardiac Adverse Events}, abstract ={Depressive symptoms are common among post myocardial infarction (MI) patients and may cause negative impacts on cardiac prognosis. The studies supported that depression is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in post MI patients. The various articles about the plausible mechanisms between post-MI depression and adverse outcomes were found and studied. The plausible pathways involved in this link were described.The study of the results of these articles showed that the different behavioral, neuroendocrinological, and immunological, arrhythmias mechanisms and increased thrombosis are likely the pathways by which depression may cause increased risk for adverse outcomes and mortality. It seems that particularly increased thrombosis and arrhythmias may cause increased risk for mortality in depressed patients with heart disease. This review showed important role of psychological and biological pathways for increasing risk of mortality and adverse consequences among patients with post MI depression.}, Keywords = {Depression, Myocardial infarction, Cardiac adverse events, Behavioral mechanisms, Biological mechanisms}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {59-66}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3926-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3926-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {ShokryShirvany,, J and Hamidian, MT and Meftah,, N and Nikbakhsh, N and Modarres, R and Taheri,, H and Kashifard, M and Savadkouhi, SH and Darzi, AA}, title = {Risk Factors for Post Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis and Hyperamylasemia}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acute post ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is still the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and the reported incidence ranges between 5% and 20%. This difference reflects variety of patient populations, indications, definition of pancreatitis, endoscopic expertise and data collection methods. This study was designed to examine the incidents of post ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia and related risk factors from a tertiary academic medical center of North of IranMETHODS: This retrospective study was performed on all patients who underwent ERCP in Shahid Beheshti hospital (Babol Iran) during 2005-2009. Patients presented with acute pancreatitis and history of endoscopic sphincterotomy were excluded. Age, gender, CBD diameter, type of sphincterotomy, opium consumption and liver enzyme were the main variable for final analysis.FINDINGS: The overall incidence of PEP was 8.2% (43 of 525 patients) and post ERCP hypramilasemia developed in 34% of patients. In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for PEP were: age less than 40 (OR=3/2, p<0.001) and needle knife Sphincterotomy (NKS) (OR=2/2 p<0.015). The independent risk factor of PERCP hyperamylasemia were age less than 40 (OR=1.8, p<0.04) and intact gallbladder without stone (OR=1.6, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that young age is independently associated with post ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia. NKS increase PEP and intact gallbellader is predictor of post ERCP hyperamylasemia.}, Keywords = {Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, Acute pancreatitis, Hyperamylasemia}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {67-72}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3927-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3927-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Sorkhi, H and Hedaiati, F and Bijani, A}, title = {Efficacy of Potassium Citrate Solution in Children with Urolithiasis}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diagnosis and treatment of renal stone are very important especially according to non-special symptoms and risk of complication in children. According to invasive surgical methods for treatment of these patients, this study was done to evaluate oral potassium citrate solution efficacy in children with urolithiasis.METHODS: This quasi experimental study was done on 150 children who referred to nephrology department or clinic with renal stone and without urinary obstruction (2002-2010). All children were treated with potassium citrate solution initially 1 ml/kg/day and then it was increased till urine PH reached to above 6.5-7. Urinary ultrasonography was done every 3 months and response to treatment was evaluated according to the stone size, age and duration of treatment.FINDINGS: The age of children was 25 days to 15 years (Mean 36.7±37.4 month). Eighty five cases (56.6%) were male and 65 (43.4%) were female. The rate of complete response to drug (absence of stone) was 78.7% during one year. Mean of follow up was 15.9± 14.6 months and the risk of relapse (recurrence of stone) was 12.4%. There weren’t significant difference between response to treatment and stone size, age and children sex.CONCLUSION: Potassium citrate has been found to be significantly effective in treatment of renal stone, so we suggest using this drug for treatment of renal stone in all children without urinary obstruction.}, Keywords = {Renal calculi, Kidney, Pediatrics, Potassium citrate}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {73-79}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3928-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3928-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Nikzad,, A and Jorsaraei, SGA}, title = {Cloning from the Perspective of Theology and Jurisprudence}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cloning is one of the achievements in the field of experimental science in contemporary time, which is associated with many questions, serious challenges and sensitivity for experts, jurists, and ethics scholars that each of them has adopted different positions against it. The aim of this study was to survey the cloning from the perspective of theology and jurisprudence.METHODS: In this study, research on religious texts, book and tradition and also jurists votes and statements is the base of this study from the perspective of theology and jurisprudence in cloning sciences. In any jurisprudential debate, its related texts are considered as a document. FINDINGS: Cloning is not manipulation in the creation system and can not destroy the distinctions. Such individuals have dignity, worth and honor, and familial, environmental and educational factors can be effective in their personality structure. Cloning cannot be a factor to cancel a marriage and in many cases, parents provision for cloned individuals is applicable. Ambiguity in the issue of inheritance is also resolvable. In the context of the Holy Quran, we cannot find a compulsory commandment that natural reproduction is the only way for human beings to procreate and also there is no commandment for prohibition of cloning. CONCLUSION: While there is no strong reason to prohibit the cloning, it cannot be adjudged decisively about prohibition of cloning and it needs further investigation and discussion.}, Keywords = {Cloning, Human, Jurisprudence and theology, The Holy Quran}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {80-88}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3929-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3929-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Jorsaraei, SGA}, title = {Determination of Clinical Outcome of Surgery in Patients with Chiari 1 Malformation}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chiari 1 malformation is a congenital anomaly defined as downward displacement of cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. Various surgical procedures have been presented for this malformation with diverse results. In this study, clinical outcome in these patients was reviewed. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed on 26 cases of Chiari 1 malformation operated at Imam Khomeini hospital in Orumieh, Iran. Symptoms and signs that have been evaluated included: suboccipital pain, weakness, spasticity, numbness, nystagmus, vertigo, atrophy and dissociated sensory loss. Each patient was analyzed separately to clarify if there was a benefit from surgery. FINDINGS: Suboccipital pain improved in 3 patients. Weakness in 2 patients resolved. Nystagmus in 5 patients and vertigo in 4 patients improved. Spasticity, numbness, atrophy and dissociated sensory loss remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Results of this study clarifies that the main benefit of surgery in patients with chiari 1 malformation (with or without syringomyelia) is to stop the progression of the disease.}, Keywords = {Chiari 1 malformation, Syringomyelia, Clinical outcome, Surgery}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {89-93}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3930-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-3930-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2011} }