@article{ author = {Asadi, MR and Torkaman, G and Mohajeri-Tehrani, MR and Hedayati, M}, title = {Effects of Electrical Stimulation on the Management of Ischemic Diabetic Foot Ulcers}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetic foot ulcer is a major complication caused by diabetes. Electrical stimulation is considered as an efficient modality of diabetic wound healing. This study aimed to investigate the effects of direct-current stimulation of cathodal on skin temperature and acceleration of ischemic diabetic foot ulcer closing. METHODS: This randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial was conducted from November 2013 to September 2014 on 20 patients with type II diabetes suffering from ischemic diabetic foot ulcers. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of electrical stimulation and placebo. The electrical stimulation group received direct-current cathodal stimulation to the wound for one hour a day, repeating three days a week (4 weeks, 12 sessions), and the placebo group underwent the same procedure with zero-intensity electrical stimulation. Skin surface temperature was measured in the plantar and dorsal areas of the diabetic foot before and after the intervention at sessions one, six and twelve. In addition, the surface of ulcer area was measured at the same intervals (IRCT: 2014110819854 N1). FINDINGS: Comparison of the study groups indicated the mean of skin temperature changes to be significantly higher in the stimulation group compared to the placebo group at sessions one (p=0.01, 0.41±0.2 and 0.75±0.26), six (p=0.01, 0.25±0.27 and 0.6±0.21) and twelve (P=0.007, 0.25±0.27 and 0.66±0.23), respectively. In addition, reduction of the wounded area was considerably higher in the electrical stimulation group (52.68%) compared to the placebo group (38.39%) at session 12 (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, direct-current cathodal stimulation could improve skin temperature and accelerate wound closing in ischemic diabetic ulcers.}, Keywords = {Electrical stimulation, Leg ulcers, Diabetic foot, Wound healing, Skin ulcers, Diabetes}, volume = {17}, Number = {7}, pages = {7-14}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/jbums.17.7.7}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5236-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5236-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ahadian, H and akhavankarbasi, MH and Ghanea, S}, title = {Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mellisan Gel and Acyclovir 5% Cream in the Improvement of Recurrent Herpes Labialis}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recurrent herpes labialis is a common infection of the mouth area, caused by herpes simplex virus. This infection appears in the mucus or lip skin and is commonly known as oral herpes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Mellisan gel and acyclovir 5% cream in the improvement of recurrent herpes labialis. METHODS: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients (14 men and 46 women), with the average age of 23.8 years (minimum of 20 and maximum of 32 years) and a prior history of recurrent herpes labialis three times a year. The previously-coded medicines were randomly distributed among patients. The subjects were asked to apply the cream or gel locally on the infected region three times a day, according to the manufacturer&#39;s instructions. All patients were examined within one, two, four and seven days after using the cream or gel to determine the changes in pain intensity, size of the ulcer, inflammation and recovery time. IRCT: 13870819144281.  FINDINGS: Mellisan gel and acyclovir cream were not significantly different in reducing the size of the ulcer, inflammation or the associated side-effects. Mellisan gel was accompanied by a significant reduction in pain intensity in patients on the second and fourth days of the examination (p=0.0001 and p=0.02, respectively). Moreover, on the second day, there was a significant difference in recovery (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that Mellisan gel is more effective than acyclovir cream in terms of pain reduction and recovery, whereas no significant difference was observed regarding the size of the ulcer or inflammation. Also, the administration of Mellisan gel and acyclovir cream was associated with no side-effects.}, Keywords = {Recurrent Herpes Labialis, Acyclovir Cream, Mellisan Gel}, volume = {17}, Number = {7}, pages = {15-21}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/jbums.17.7.15}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5155-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5155-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mehdizadeh, Gh and Manouchehri, AA and Zarghami, A and Moghadamnia, AA}, title = {Prevalence and Causes of Poisoning in Patients Admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Babol in 2011-2012}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Poisoning is one of the most common causes of patient referrals, and the mortality rate in poisoning has been estimated at 2%. Due to the different epidemiological features and health consequences of poisoning in the world, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and causes of poisoning in patients admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Babol during 2011-2012. METHODS: In this cross-sectional, prospective study, data of the patients admitted due to poisoning were recorded from 22 June 2011 to 20 June 2012. In addition, demographic features including the cause of poisoning, patient and family history of poisoning or suicide and treatment side effects were collected using prepared checklists. FINDINGS: Out of 635 patients, 265 (41.7%) were male and 370 (58.3%) were female with the mean age of 28.12±12.35 years. Rate of poisoning was significantly higher within the age range of 16-25 years among married subjects, housewives and self-employed patients (p<0.001). The most common agent of poisoning was drug consumption (73.3%), and benzodiazepines (31.3%) were the most frequent class of drugs to cause poisoning. In addition, suicide was the most common cause of poisoning (76.9%), and the majority of suicide cases had occurred by the use of drugs (88.9%). Benzodiazepines were the most commonly used agents in the suicide cases in this study (39.3%). Eventually, 524 patients were discharged willingly, 93 of whom (14.6%) recovered, and 4 cases (0.6%) were referred to another center. Moreover, 6 patients (0.9%) suffered several complications, and 8 subjects (1.3%) died because of poisoning. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the highest rate of poisoning was observed in young adults, and the most common cause of poisoning was suicide. Furthermore, benzodiazepines were the main class of drugs to cause poisoning in the studied patients}, Keywords = {Poisoning causes, Drug toxicity, Suicide}, volume = {17}, Number = {7}, pages = {22-28}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/jbums.17.7.22}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5499-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5499-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mosavi, SK and Eslamipour, M and Shojaeddin, SS}, title = {The Impact of Fatigue on Physical Statefluctuations in Men Withgenu Varumas Well as Normal Knees}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Genu varumis a risk factor for the knee osteoarthritis onset. Given the role of exhaustion on the physical condition, understanding physical state fluctuationsin people with genu varum, will give us a good insight for prevention of knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of exhaustive fatigue on body state fluctuations of men with genu varumand normal knees. METHODS: This quasi-experimentalstudy was performed on 40 healthy male students, including 20 with genu varumand 20 with normal knees (with the average q angle of 25.5±8.0 and 97.8±86.0, respectively). Genu varumdeformitywasmeasured using a caliper and goniometer. Bodyfluctuations were recorded using the force measuring diagram,and Strand modified protocol was used to inducefatigue.  FINDINGS: There was no significant difference between the two groups after exhaustion in terms of anterior-posterior stability, but there was a significant decrease in medial-lateral stability after exhaustion (genu varum 86.296 mm/sec and normal knee 38.200 mm/sec, pressurecenter shifting,respectively)comparinggenu varumto the normal knee, thesechanges were significant (p=0.04). Interior-exterior stability in both groups,10 minutes after exhaustion was fully recovered. CONCLUSION: Inside displacementof the line of gravityin genu varumsuffererscan lead to increased volatility of the lateral posture, and since genu varumdeformity causes internal rotation of the leg and turns it into pronation of the subtalar joint inthe weight-bearing position,therefore, these changes in footstructures cancause leg function alterationin control of the internal-external (lateral) balance.}, Keywords = {Fatigue, Posture, Genu varum}, volume = {17}, Number = {7}, pages = {29-35}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/jbums.17.7.29}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5122-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5122-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, S and Hajizadeh, A}, title = {Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Olive Leaf Extracts on Anxiety-like Behaviors in an Animal Model of Parkinson\'s Disease}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of Parkinson;#39s disease. Mood disorders such as anxiety are commonly reported in these patients. Olive leaf extracts have strong antioxidative and neuroprotective properties due to the presence of various phenolic compounds. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of olive leaf extracts on anxiety-like behaviors in an animal model of Parkinson;#39s disease, using elevated plus maze test. METHODS: In this experimental study, 42 rats were divided into six groups (seven rats per group): control, sham, patient and treatment (receiving extracts at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) groups. The control group did not receive any injections, whereas the sham and patient groups received saline solutions and the treatment group received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of olive leaf extracts via gavage for seven weeks. All groups, except the control and sham groups, were administered unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine in the striatum, using a stereotactic device, and an animal model of Parkinson;#39s disease was established. Three weeks after toxin injections, anxiety-like behaviors were assessed, using the elevated plus maze test. FINDINGS: The injection of 6-hydroxydopamine caused a reduction in the time of animals’ entry into the open arm and the number of entries. Administration of different concentrations of the extract caused an increase in the mentioned parameters in all treatment groups, compared to the patient group. CONCLUSION: The results showed that oral administration of olive leaf extracts caused a significant decrease in anxiety-like behaviors, induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in an animal model of Parkinson;#39s disease}, Keywords = {Parkinson, Elevated Plus Maze Test, Anxiety-like Behavior, Olive Leaf Extract}, volume = {17}, Number = {7}, pages = {36-43}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/jbums.17.7.36}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5170-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5170-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Seyedalipour, B and Barimani, N and DehpourJooybari, AA and Hosseini, S M and Oshrieh, M}, title = {Histopathological Evaluation of Kidney and Heart Tissues after Exposure to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Mus musculus}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Copper nanoparticles are being extensively used in medical sciences, food supplements and industrial fields. However, their potential toxic effects on human health and the environment remain undetermined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on kidney and heart tissues of mice. METHODS: In this experimental study, 42 adult female mice, weighing 30±3 g, were randomly divided into control, sham and four experimental groups. The mice in the experimental groups intraperitoneally received copper oxide nanoparticles with doses of 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/kg. After autopsy, the hearts and kidneys of mice were separated and weighed. For histopathological examinations, heart and kidney tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.  FINDINGS: Kidney weight in control and sham groups, compared to experimental groups receiving nanoparticle doses of 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/kg, reduced to 21±0.02, 19±0.02, 20±0.02 and 22±0.01 g, respectively, while no significant changes were observed in the heart weight. Histopathological examination of kidney and heart after the intraperitoneal injection of copper oxide nanoparticles showed signs of cytotoxicity including congestion, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed that copper oxide nanoparticles cause damage to the kidney and heart in a dose-dependent way}, Keywords = {Copper Oxide Nanoparticles, Cytotoxicity, Mus musculus, Histopathology, Necrosis, Inflammatory Cell Infiltration.}, volume = {17}, Number = {7}, pages = {44-50}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/jbums.17.7.44}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5079-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5079-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Rowshanaie, T and Sadoughi, M and fattahi, E}, title = {The Effects of Tricyclazole on HepaticEnzyme Changes and Tissue Damage in the Fetus of Laboratory Mice}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Tricyclazoleis a popularTriazole pesticide used in agriculture to control rice blast disease.Due to thehigh consumption and stability of tricyclazole, as well as the digestive, nervous and hepaticdisorders it may cause, this study aimed to investigate the effects of tricyclazole on hepatic enzyme changes and tissue damagein the fetus of laboratory mice. METHODS: Forthis experimental study, 30 mice (10 male, 20 female) with the age range of 10-12 weeks were purchased from Pasteur Institute, Northern branch, Iran. After mating and confirmation of pregnancy usinga vaginal plaque,the mice were randomly divided into three groups of control (N=6), experiment I(N=7) and experiment II (N=7). In the experimental groups, the mice received tricyclazole via intraperitoneal injectionat doses of 0.5 and1.5 mg/kg,respectively, whilethe control group received no toxins. All the animals were preservedunderoptimum conditions, and at day 17 of gestation, they were killed,and the fetuseswere removed from the body of the mothers. Sampling of hepatic tissues was performedto count fetal hepatocytes andevaluate tissuedamage. In addition, enzymelevels of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)were measured via the colorimetric method using theenzyme kit madeby Cayman company.  FINDINGS: In this study, microscopic evaluationsshowed a significant increase in the number of hepatocytes inexperimental group I (21.35 ± 0.85) and experimental group II (23.1±1.16) compared to the control group (16.9 ± 1.2)(P<0.05). Moreover, levels of ALTand AST were higher in the experimental groupscompared to the control group, whilethe level of ALP was observed to decrease in both groups (p<0.05).According to histopathological studies, concentrations of tricyclazole in the liver could lead to necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, hyperplasia, watery degeneration of hepatocytes and severe hepatomegaly. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study,enzymatic changes and hepatic tissue damage aredose-dependent processes, and tricyclazole could irreversibly disrupt the metabolic systemof the body}, Keywords = {Tricyclazole, Hepatic Enzymes, Hepatocyte}, volume = {17}, Number = {7}, pages = {51-57}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/jbums.17.7.51}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5171-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5171-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {ShakibaDastgerdi, A and RafieianKopaei, M and Jivad, N and Sedehi, M and ArdeshiriLordejani, N and ShakibaDastgerdi, T}, title = {Effects of the Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Clove (Dianthus deltoides) on Inflammation and Pain Response using the Xylene Test and Hot Plate Test in Mice}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Clove contains large proportion of a phenolic compound called eugenol, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydro-alcoholic clove extract on inflammation and pain response in mice. METHODS: In this experimental study, 48 male mice were classified into six groups of control (saline), positive control (dexamethasone) and treatment (receiving 42, 85, 170 and 340 mg/kg of clove extract) to investigate the effects of clove extract on inflammation. To evaluate pain perception, 160 mice were categorized into 4 groups, divided into 5 subgroups including the control (saline), positive control (morphine), recipients of 200 mg/kg clove extract, recipients of 500 mg/kg of extract, and recipients of 200 mg/kg of combined clove extract and naloxone (4 mg/kg). To assess pain response, the hot plate test was performed on each subgroup at 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after the injection of the herbal extract. In addition, two hours after the injection of 0.03 ml xylene into the back of the right ears of the mice, the sections obtained from both ears (7 mm) were compared in terms of weight. FINDINGS: In the inflammation test, the most significant difference in the ear sections was observed between the control group and recipients of 42 mg/kg of extract (36±5.1 and 33±5.3 µg, respectively), while the least significant difference was observed at doses of 180 and 340 mg/kg (21±2.1 and 17 ±1.5 µg, respectively). In the hot plate test on the treatment groups, dose of 500 mg/kg caused the highest pain delay 15 minutes before the test, while the lowest delay was observed in the recipients of combined naloxone and clove extract (200 mg/kg) 5 minutes before the test (18.91±1.53 and 8.71±1.04 seconds, respectively). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, hydro-alcoholic clove extract could have significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on mice}, Keywords = {Clove, Hot plate, Naloxone, Morphine, Dexamethasone, Xylene}, volume = {17}, Number = {7}, pages = {58-65}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/jbums.17.7.58}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-4886-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-4886-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Kesmati, M and DavoodiKorani, A and Torabi, M}, title = {Effects of the Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) on Acute and Chronic Pain in the Presence and Absence of Estrogen Receptors in Adult Male and Female Mice}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chamomile has several analgesic properties, while the mechanism of these effects in interaction with male sex hormones compared tofemales are not well known. This study aimedto evaluate the analgesic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of chamomile in male mice, and two phases of femalesexual cycle (diestrus and proestrus) in the presence or absence of estrogen receptors.  METHODS: In this experimental study, adult mice of both genders(weight: 27±3 g) were divided into four groups of control, chamomile recipients (30 or 50 mg/kg), tamoxifen recipients (0.5 or 1 mg/kg), and recipients of combined tamoxifen (1 mg/kg) and chamomile (30 or 50 mg/kg). Drugs were administeredintraperitoneally in one milligram per a kilogram of the body weight, and formalin test was used to induce acute and chronic pain. In addition, cumulative length of foot licking was calculatedin seconds as theindicator of pain perception. FINDINGS: In male mice,chamomile extract (30mg/kg) reduced acute pain (53±2, p<0.01)and chronic pain (71±2, p<0.001), and dosage of 50 mg/kgcould reduce acutepain (41±1, p<0.001) and chronic pain (73±2, p<0.001). In diestrus and proestrusfemales, chamomile extract could relieve acute pain at 50 mg/kg (42±2, p<0.05 and 39±1, p<0.05, respectively). As for the chronicphase of pain, chamomile extract (30 mg/kg) was effective in diestrus (72±1, p<0.01) and proestrus (80±2, p<0.001) female mice, whileit could reduce chronic pain at 50 mg/kgindiestrus (59±1, p<0.001) and proestrus (62±2, p<0.001) females. In male mice, the analgesic effects of the extract were more significant.In addition, tamoxifen (1mg/kg)reduced chronic pain in diestrus (81±3, p<0.05) and proestrus (92±2, p<0.05) female mice. In male mice,combination of chamomile (30 mg/kg) and tamoxifen (1mg/kg) decreased acutepain(43±3, p<0.05), andcombination of chamomile (50 mg/kg)and tamoxifen (1mg/kg) reduced acute pain (29±1, p<0.05) and chronic pain (41±2, p<0.01) in male mice. Moreover, the drug combination reduced acutepain (21±1, p<0.001) and chronic pain (44±3, p<0.01)in diestrus females, as well as proestrus ones(19±2, p<0.001) (43±3, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, analgesic effects of chamomile extract are gender-dependent,and these effects are more significant in male mice.Increased analgesic effectsof combinedchamomile and tamoxifen couldbe due to the interaction between estrogenreceptorsand analgesic agents of chamomil. }, Keywords = {Chamomile, Pain, Tamoxifen, Estrous cycle}, volume = {17}, Number = {7}, pages = {66-73}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/jbums.17.7.66}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5173-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5173-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, E and Jahandideh, M}, title = {Effects of the Alcoholic Extract of Ginger on Sex Hormone Serum Levels and Ovarian Follicles during Pregnancy and Lactation in the Adult Female Offspring of Rats}, abstract ={BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Ginger is widely used by pregnant women and nursing mothers as a remedy for nausea and vomiting. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the alcoholic extract of ginger on serum levels of estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and ovarian follicles during pregnancy and lactation in the adult, female offspring of rats. METHODS: This experimental study was conducted on 72 adult female rats, which were divided into 9 groups of 8, including the control groups, and recipients of 200, 100, 50 mg/kg of ginger alcoholic extract (perinatal and neonatal). Drug administration was performed via oral gavage, and by the end of infancy, the female offspring of each group were separated. At puberty, 8 animals were randomly selected from each group, and after blood sampling, serum levels of estrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH were measured. In addition, the number of follicles and yellow bodies (corpus luteum) were determined after the removal of ovaries. FINDINGS: In comparison with the control groups, ginger caused a significant increase in the levels of estrogen (93.36±5.78), progesterone (4.52±0.45), FSH (0.90±0.05) and LH (0.79±0.08) in the experimental groups. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the number of follicles (6.40±0.33) and yellow bodies (7.00±1.41) in all the experimental groups (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, consumption of ginger during pregnancy and lactation could increase the serum levels of estrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH, as well as the number of ovarian follicles, in the female offspring of rats.}, Keywords = {Ginger, Estrogen, Progesterone, LH, FSH, Follicle}, volume = {17}, Number = {7}, pages = {74-80}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.22088/jbums.17.7.74}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5188-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-5188-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2015} }