@article{ author = {ShabestaniMonfared, A and NezamabadiPour, H and Hashemoghli, A and AliasgharZadeh, A}, title = {Designing and manufacturing a heat control system of X-ray tubes in multiple exposures}, abstract ={Objective: Over 1/3 to half of accurate medical diagnosis are based on x-ray examinations. The x-ray tube is the main part of a radiology set. X-ray production is a phenomenon with low efficiency and over 99.6% of the fast electrons energy changes to heat. This heat is also a limiting factor for the system function. The aim of this study was to design and manufacture an automatic heat control system in radiology tubes for multiple exposures. These exposures are allowed with regard to overload system but inappropriate intervaling in exposures causes heat damages in anode. Methods: The hardware of system was designed and manufactured by using of micro-controller system. Its software was written by 8051 Franklin preview software package and on the basis of anode cooling chart data and installed on micro-controller by A1-11 system. Findings: The designed system can calculate and display anode heat at every moment. Functioning test in 100 experimental exposures showed a reliability of 99.92±0.07%. Conclusion: This system can be used as a suitable equipment in protecting and preventing radiology tubes against heat damages after frequent exposures.}, Keywords = {X-ray tube, Heat damages, Anode, Multiple exposures}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {7-10}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2845-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2845-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Arzi, A, and Akhavan, M}, title = {The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea Millefolium on analgesic effect of Morphine in rats}, abstract ={Objective: Achillea millefolium is a plant whose anti-inflammatory effects were proved by inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzyme activities. In this study, the effect of its hydroalcoholic extract on analgesic effect of morphine was investigated to lower the dose of injected morphine as much as possible. Methods: This study was performed on rats by tail flick test. At first a suitable dose of morphine that caused analgesia was selected by dose response method. Then analgesic effect of different doses of achillea millefolium extract (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg) and also the effect of these doses on analgesic effect of a suitable dose of morphine (2.5 mg/kg) were investigated. Findings: According to the results and by using analytical variance method, the best dose of extract selected for improving the analgesic effect of morphine was 75 mg/kg (P<0.05). Reflex time in control group to alogenic stimulant was about 2-3 seconds and in rats, which received different doses of hydroalcoholic, extract of achillea millefolium before injection of morphine (2.5 mg/kg) in comparison to those which only received morphine showed a significant increase (P<0.05). Conclusion: All doses of hydroalcoholic extract of achillea millefolium caused an increase of analgesic effect of morphine significantly (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the strongest effect was observed at 45th minute of the trial.}, Keywords = {Achillea millefolium, Morphine, Pain, Rat}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {11-14}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2846-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2846-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {SavadKoohi, Sh and Heidari, B and FiroozJahi, AR}, title = {A comparison between serology (ELISA) and endoscopy and biopsy in the follow up of patients after treatment of H.pylori infection}, abstract ={Objective: Helicobacter pylori eradication is recommended in gastric and duodenal ulcer and MALT lymphoma management. For following up for patients after treatment of h.pylori infection, invasive and non-invasive procedures can be performed. The objective of this study was to compare invasive and non-invasive procedures. Methods: 150 patients with h.pylori positive were selected for our study and divided into three groups. In all groups quadruple therapy (Omeprazole, bismuth, metronidazole and amoxicillin) was done. One month later endoscopy and biopsy, serology (H.pylori ELISA IgA) and serology (H.pylori ELISA IgG) were done in first, second and third group respectively and compared for h.pylori eradication. Findings: 127 patients remained as subjects in our study. In first group, endoscopy and biopsy was done again and we found no h.pylori in 70.7% of the cases of the first group, 35.7% and 20.5% of the cases of the second and third group respectively and this difference was statistically meaningful (P<0.001). Conclusion: In spite of the fact that endoscopy and biopsy in comparison to serology is an invasive procedure, it is recommended for short term follow up of patients (One months).}, Keywords = {Serology, H.pylori, Endoscopy}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {15-18}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2847-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2847-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {KasraKermanshahi, R and Moatar, F and Shadzi, Sh and Mahdavi, M}, title = {The antimicrobial and antifungal effects of Keffir in vitro}, abstract ={Objective: Keffir is known as one of the sour milk products originated in the north of Caucasus. The antimicrobial and antifungal effects of this product has not already been investigated. In general, keffir contains the following microorganisms: Lactic acid streptococci, lactobacilli, mesophilic lactic acid, lactose fermenting and non-fermenting yeasts and lactic acid bacteria. The objective of this study was to determine therapeutic effects of keffir. Methods: This study was performed on bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, and three species of fungi: Candida albicans, trichophyton mentagrophytes and microsporum canis. The antimicrobial effects of eight extracts of common yogurt and extract of keffir at 20°C and 37°C at two times of 24 and 48 hour fermentation in vitro on four species of bacteria and three species of fungi were studied by cup plate and serial dilution methods. Findings: From extract of common and keffir yogurt at 20°C and 37°C at two times of 24 and 48 hour fermentation, keffir with 75 mg/ml concentration showed the strongest effect on P.aeruginosa at 37°C with 48 hour fermentation time. Conclusion: keffir has an antimicrobial effect on some pathogenic bacteria as P.aeruginosa.}, Keywords = {Antimicrobial effects, Common yoghurt, Keffir yoghurt, Pathogenic bacteria, Fungi}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {19-24}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2848-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2848-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {EsmaeilZadeh, S and Aghapour, M and Bijani, A}, title = {Expected management of first-trimester spontaneous abortion with 12mm or less of endometrial line}, abstract ={Objective: Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy before 20th week on the basis of first day of the last normal mense. Therapeutic abortion may be practiced as spontaneous or induced. Common treatment of abortion is dilatation and curettage (D;C). Expected treatment that clearly lowers the need for surgery is another approach. Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was done on patients referred to Shahid Yahyanejad hospital in Babol during 1999-2000. This study was done on 51 patients who had spontaneous abortion in the first trimester, spotting and endometrial line with 12mm and less in abdominal sonography. Obtained data was analyzed by X² and paired t-tests. Findings: In this study, the mean age of patients was 25.5±5.2 years and mean gestational age was 7.7±1.5 weeks without any significant relationship (P<0.05). Only one (2%) case of the whole 50 required curettage and that was due to severe bleeding (P<0.05). No complication developed and only one patient presented back with severe hemorrhage after two weeks for which we performed evacutional curettage. Conclusion: The results showed that abdominal sonography can be done on patients with spontaneous abortion and spotting. And endo. Line of 12mm or less is a good indication for expected treatment in order not to perform curettage and so avoiding its complications such as general anesthesia, surgery and hospital expenses.}, Keywords = {Spontaneous abortion, Expected treatment, Endometrial line, Sonography}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {25-28}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2849-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2849-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Matloub, M and Rabiei, SM and Mir, M}, title = {Early tracheal intubation with non-depolarization muscle relaxants and additional dose of Thiopental Sodium}, abstract ={Objective: One of the most important duties of an anesthetist is keeping the airways open. Since there is a contraindication of succinylcholine in some cases, tracheal intubation is done by non-depolarization muscle relaxants with a delay of 4 min. In this study, this delay time has been decreased to 30 seconds with an additional dose of thiopental (20%) and atracorium injection. Methods: This study was conducted on 100 cases in ASA class I of American society of anesthesiologists classification with patients of 15-45 years of age. They were randomly divided into two groups (Each group with 50 cases). In control group after premedication, in first group anesthesia started with atracorium (0.6 mg/kg) and then with thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg) and intubation was done after 4 min of ventilation. In case group after administration of the same premedication and atracorium, an additional dose of thiopental sodium (20%) was injected and tracheal intubation was done after 30 seconds. Heartbeat and blood pressure at 0 minute after premedication, at induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation and after 5 min with intubation were monitored. The quality and tube tolerance were recorded and analyzed statistically as well. Findings: In both groups after induction of anesthesia, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased and heart rate increased. In spite of changes of blood pressure in case group, there was not a statistically significant difference. Intubation was easily performed on 92% of patients in case group and 96% in control group and also 20% in case group and 12% in control group did not tolerate the endotracheal tube without any significant difference. Conclusion: A 4-minute delay for intubation by atracorium can be decreased to 30 seconds with an additional dose of thiopental. This method can be used for patients with contraindication of succinylcholine use and also it can decrease the side effects of longtime PPV mask ventilation and anesthesia bag.}, Keywords = {Induction of anesthesia, Tracheal intubation, Hemodynamic changes, ETT tolerance}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {29-32}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2850-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2850-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Navidian, A and Salar, AR and HashemiNia, A and Keikhaei, A}, title = {Study of mental exhaustion experienced by family caregivers of patients with mental disorders, Zahedan Psychiatric Hospital, 2000}, abstract ={Objective: The family caregivers of patients with mental disorders are in fact the backbone of clinical and health care system. They are considered as a patient because of their responsibility for caring mental patients that may make them suffer from mental exhaustion. This investigation was done to determine the rate of mental exhaustion of these persons referred to Zahedan psychiatric center in 2000. Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was done on 125 family caregivers. At first mental patients’ personal characteristics and their psychiatric diagnosis were surveyed by using their files and then information related to caregivers’ personal characteristics and their mental exhaustion were gathered by questionnaires. Data was presented by descriptive and analytical indices. Findings: From all caregivers 26.4%, 60.8% and 12.8% suffered from mild, moderate and severe exhaustion respectively. According to the report, the exhaustion developed after taking care of patients with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders was more prevalent than mood disorders. In this study, 73.6% of family caregivers suffered from moderate and severe exhaustion. Conclusion: Long term care of patients with mental disorders cause caregivers to experience a sense of burden that can endanger their mental health and deteriorate the quality of care. It is recommended that intervention be imposed to reduce such burdens.}, Keywords = {Exhaustion, Caregivers, Mental patients}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {33-38}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2851-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2851-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Faramarzi, M and Pasha, H and Bakhtiari, A}, title = {A survey on the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women to normal delivery in Babol, 1999}, abstract ={Objective: Lack of knowledge about side effects of cesarean, negative attitude to normal delivery and incorrect information about delivery complications encourage pregnant women to undergo cesarean section. By evaluation of the level of knowledge and attitude to normal delivery we can encourage pregnant women to have a normal delivery. Methods: This study was done on 250 pregnant women referred to four clinics and health centers in Babol during 6 months and questionnaires were completed about their personal characteristics, knowledge level and attitude. Their knowledge level and attitude were determined according to their scores. Findings: The knowledge level about normal delivery in 40.8%, 54.4% and 4.8% of pregnant women were low, average and high, respectively and their attitude to normal delivery in 48.8%, 31.6% and 19.6% were negative, indifferent and positive respectively. 61.6% of cases chose vaginal delivery. Pregnant women in this group had higher knowledge and lower negative attitude to vaginal delivery in comparison to those who chose cesarean section. There is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (P=0.000). The results showed that negative attitude in persons with low knowledge was more noticeable. Conclusion: According to this study pregnant women had low knowledge about the advantages of normal delivery. Only 19.6% of pregnant women had positive attitude to normal delivery. Since there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude, the correct programs can expand the limits of knowledge and positive attitudes to vaginal delivery.}, Keywords = {Vaginal delivery, Knowledge, Attitude}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {39-42}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2852-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2852-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Khoddami, E and Jamshidi, AA}, title = {Oxacillin resistant Staphylococci isolated from patients and personnel in Babol hospitals, 2000}, abstract ={Objective: One of the major causes of nosocomial infections is staphylococcus aureus. Resistance of this organism to antibiotics had made many problems in its treatment and eradication. So, it is evident that determination and report of its resistance of antibiotics in different regions is necessary. Methods: 125 positive cultures of staphylococcus aureus obtained from patients and carriers in hospitals and medical laboratories in Babol over a period of one year. Of these, 84 cases (71%) were patients with various skin infections, UTI and surgical wounds. 36 cases (29%) were hospital personnel with samples taken from their nasal mucosa. After isolation of bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity tests to oxacillin were performed with disk diffusion and oxacillin screen plate methods. Sensitivity tests to vancomycin, penicillin and trimethoprim were performed on resistant bacteria. Findings: 90 samples staph, aureus species (72%) were found to be resistant to oxacillin. All of them were resistant to penicillin as well. 65% of these showed resistance to trimethoprim. But all oxacillin resistant species were sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusion: Prior to treatment of staph, aureus infections, antibiogram tests must be performed as the results show that antibiotic resistance of isolated bacteria is noticeable. This avoids unnecessary expenses and unsuccessful therapy. A continuous microbiologic investigation is recommended to find efficient ways for eradication or at least lowering the incidence of staph, aureus infections.}, Keywords = {Oxacillin, Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin, Trimethoprim}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {43-46}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2853-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2853-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Chegini, S and Asmar, M and Abadi, AR and BagheriYazdi, SA}, title = {Toxoplasma infection in human and domestic animals, 1999}, abstract ={Objective: This investigation was conducted with regard to the spread of toxoplasma infection and its complications in human and domestic animals. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of toxoplasma infection in people and domestic animals in Saveh town. Methods: In this study 1299 persons (762 were rural and 537 were urban) and 1952 domestic animals (832 cattle and 1120 sheep) were randomly selected and studied by using of IFA test serologically. Findings: The results showed that 22.5% of studied animals had positive toxoplasma antibody titer. The rate of toxoplasma infection of cattle in rural areas and sheep in urban areas in comparison to cattle in urban areas and sheep in rural areas was more. Also, 35.3% of persons had positive toxoplasma antibody titer. The rate of toxoplasma infection of urban people was significantly more than rural ones. Conclusion: With regard to low knowledge level about toxoplasmosis and its complications. Some educational programs should be suggested to prevent the incidence of this disease.}, Keywords = {Toxoplasmosis, Domestic animals, Local residents, Saveh town}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {47-52}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2854-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2854-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {ZahedPasha, Y and AhmadPour, M and Hadipour, A and Shafigh, E}, title = {A case report of congenital Hemangiopericytoma as a buttock mass in a newborn}, abstract ={Objective: Hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor with vascular origin with an incidence of only 10% among children. Along with the report of this rare condition, we reviewed literature. Case: A full term neonate with a birth weight appropriate to gestational age referred with a posterior midline buttock mass. The tumor was resected completely, the histopathologic and immunohistochemistry reaction showed hemangiopericytoma. Regular follow up examinations after discharge showed no recurrence at the location of resection and no remote metastasis up to 11 months of age. Conclusion: Hemangiopericytoma should be considered in differential diagnosis of posterior midline buttock mass in a neonate.}, Keywords = {Hemangiopericytoma neonate, Tumor, Buttock mass}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {53-56}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2855-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2855-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Javadian, M and Ahangari, R and Arabi, L}, title = {A case report of molar pregnancy in a 52 year old woman}, abstract ={Objective: Although molar pregnancy is rare among women over 50 years old, but due to the risk of persistent and malignant trophoblastic disease in women over 40 years old it is very important. Case: The case was a 52-year-old woman with complaint of vaginal bleeding started from 4 months prior to admission. According to the result of abdominal sonography, a 91×112 mm mass with mixed echogenicity in fundus of uterus with myoma diagnosis was reported. Clustered vesicles (Molar pregnancy) were observed after abdominal hysterectomy and incision of uterus. Diagnosis was confirmed by pathology. Conclusion: Sonography is very helpful in diagnosis of molar pregnancy but is not necessarily enough. Urinary pregnancy test is not accurate enough for diagnosis of molar pregnancy. In premenopausal age group, pregnancy complications such as molar pregnancy must be considered as an important differential diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding. Regarding the age of the patient and the fact that she didn’t want to have any more children, abdominal hysterectomy was performed and as a prophylactic measure, we measured βHCG. And the results showed no malignancy.}, Keywords = {Molar pregnancy, Sonography, Abdominal hysterectomy}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {57-59}, publisher = {Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2856-en.html}, eprint = {http://jbums.org/article-1-2856-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1561-4107}, eissn = {2251-7170}, year = {2001} }