Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
J Babol Univ Med Sci
Medical Sciences
http://jbums.org
1
admin
1561-4107
2251-7170
10.22088/jbums
fa
jalali
1393
11
1
gregorian
2015
2
1
17
2
online
1
fulltext
fa
مروری بر تکامل بیماریزایی در قارچهای پاتوژن انسانی
An Overview of the Evolution of Pathogenicity in Human Pathogenic Fungi
فیزیولوژی
Physiology
مروری
Review
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 16pt"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra' color: blue">سابقه و هدف:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"> تعداد گونههای قارچی
موجود در کره زمین حدود یک</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">نیم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">میلیون</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">گونه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">تخمین</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">زده</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">شده است که از این تعداد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">حدود</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><span dir="rtl"></span>400</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">گونه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">متعلق</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">به</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">عوامل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><br>
بیماری زای</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">حیوانی و
انسانی می باشند. گونه های قارچی بیماری زای انسانی به صورت عمده از میزبانهای گیاهی
جداسازی شده اند. بررسی های انجام شده در زمینه قارچ های چند میزبانه بیان می کنند
که این قارچها با تغییراتی که در فیزیولوژی بیماری زایی خود ایجاد میکنند، بنا به
شرایطی که در آن قرار می گیرند</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">قادرند میزبان خود را تغییر دهند. در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">این</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">بین</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">انتقال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">افقی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">ژن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">تکامل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">بیماریزایی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">این</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">عوامل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">قارچی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">به</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">سمت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">میزبان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">انسانی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">میتواند</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">نقش</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">مهمی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">را</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">ایفا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">کند.</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"> </span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra' color: blue"><o:p /></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 16pt"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra' color: blue">موادوروشها:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"> در این مطالعه مروری از
بانک</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">های اطلاعاتی </span><span dir="ltr">Pubmed Medline</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><span dir="rtl"></span>،
</span><span dir="ltr">Scopous</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><span dir="rtl"></span>، </span><span dir="ltr">Google
Scholar</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><span dir="rtl"></span>، </span><span dir="ltr">Elsevier
databases</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><span dir="rtl"></span>، </span><span dir="ltr">Irandoc</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><span dir="rtl"></span>، </span><span dir="ltr">Iranmedex</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><span dir="rtl"></span>،
</span><span dir="ltr">Magiran</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><span dir="rtl"></span>، </span><span dir="ltr">SID</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><span dir="rtl"></span> و </span><span dir="ltr">MEDLIB</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><span dir="rtl"></span>
استفاده شد. واژههای کلیدی</span><span dir="ltr">MeSH </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><span dir="rtl"></span> بکار گرفته شده در جستجوی مقالات شامل تکامل
بیماریزایی، قارچهای</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">بیماری زا،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">قارچهای پاتوژن انسانی</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">،<b> </b></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">قارچهای پاتوژن گیاهی،</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"> انتقال افقی ژن</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"> و میزبانهای</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">گیاهی محدود شده در مقالات مرتبط منتشر شده طی سال های
2010-1992 بودند که استخراج و مطالعه مروری بر آن انجام گرفت.<b><span style="color: blue"><o:p /></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 16pt"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra' color: blue">یافته ها:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"> بررسیهای</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">مولکولی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">انجام</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">گرفته</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">در مورد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">این</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">قارچهای</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">چند میزبانه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">فرضیه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">تکامل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">بیماریزایی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">عوامل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">قارچی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">از میزبان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">گیاهی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">به</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">میزبان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">انسانی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">را</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">تصدیق</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"><br>
میکند</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'">مقاله حاضر یافتههای اخیر در زمینه منشاء قارچهای بیماریزای انسان و تغییر
میزبانی ازمیزبانهای گیاهی به میزبان
انسان را بررسی مینماید.<span style="color: blue"><o:p /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 16pt"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra' color: blue">نتیجه گیری:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: '2 Mitra'"> بنابراین با مقایسه
محتوی و ساختار ژنوم و ژنها در قارچهای بیماریزا که از دامنه میزبانی، راهکارهای
نفوذ و ایجاد بیماری متفاوت برخوردار میباشند منجر به فهم بهتر ما از ژنهای
بیماریزایی و فرایندهای دخیل در تکامل بیماریزایی خواهد داشت.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 16pt" >
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span style="color: blue">ABSTRACT<o:p /></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span style="color: blue">BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: </span></b>The number of fungal species on earth is estimated at about
1.5 million species, among which about 400 species belong to animal and human
pathogens. Human pathogenic fungal species are mainly isolated from plant
hosts. Studies on multi-host fungi have shown that with changes in
physiological pathogenicity, these fungi are able to change their host
according to the circumstances they are in. Horizontal gene transfer may play
an important role in the evolution of fungal virulence in human hosts.<span style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189)"><o:p /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span style="color: blue">METHODS: </span></b>In this retrospective study, Pubmed,
Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Irandoc, Iranmedex, Magiran, SID,
and MEDLIB databases were searched thoroughly. MeSH keywords in our search
included the evolution of virulence, pathogenic fungi, human pathogenic fungi,
pathogenic plant fungi, horizontal gene transfer, and limited host plants. The
related articles, published during 1992-2010, were extracted and
retrospectively studied.<o:p /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span style="color: blue">FINDINGS: </span></b>Molecular
studies on multi-host fungi confirm the hypothesis of pathogenic fungal
evolution from plant hosts to human hosts. The present study evaluated the
recent findings on the origin of human pathogenic fungi and host changes from
plant to human hosts.<o:p /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span style="color: blue">CONCLUSION: </span></b>By
comparing the content and structure of genomes and genes in pathogenic fungi,
with different host ranges, penetration methods, and pathogenicity, we will
have a better understanding of pathogenic genes and the processes involved in
the evolution of the disease.<o:p /></p>
تکامل بیماریزایی, قارچهای بیماریزا, قارچهای پاتوژن انسانی, قارچهای پاتوژن گیاهی, انتقال افقی ژن, میزبانهای گیاهی.
Evolution of Pathogenicity, Pathogenic Fungi, Human Pathogenic Fungi, Plant Pathogenic Fungi, Horizontal Gene Transfer, Host Plant
71
80
http://jbums.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1364-5&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Mehdi
Arzanlou
مهدی
ارزانلو
100319475328460011245
100319475328460011245
No
Rozita
Samadi
رزیتا
صمدی
100319475328460011246
100319475328460011246
No
Seyed Mohammadhosssein
Afsarian
سید محمد حسین
افسریان
100319475328460011247
100319475328460011247
No
Hamid
Badali
حمید
بدلی
100319475328460011248
100319475328460011248
Yes