fa تعیین میزان غلظت نیترات و نیتریت در نقاط مختلف تاسیسات آب آشامیدنی شهرستان بابل، 1391 دندانپزشکی(پریو) Dentistry (Peru) مورد-شاهدی Case-Control <p style="line-height: 16pt" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra" color: blue">سابقه و هدف:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">نیترات و نیتریت </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">از طریق مصرف کودهای شیمیایی، تخلیه فضولات حیوانی، فاضلاب انسانی و پساب تصفیه خانه</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">‌</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">های فاضلاب‌های شهری و صنعتی به منابع پذیرنده محیط زیست و آب‌های زیر زمینی</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""> وارد می‌شوند</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">. </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">نی</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">ترات عامل بیماری متهموگلوبینمیا </span><span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman" dir="ltr">Methemoglobinemia)</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>) </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">در نوزادان می</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">‌</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">باشد. هدف این مطالعه، </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">تعیین غلظت نیترات </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">و نیتریت آب </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">در خطوط انتقال و نقاط مصرف مناطق روستایی و شهری شهرستان بابل </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">می</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">‌</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">باشد</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">.<o:p /></span></p> <p style="line-height: 16pt" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra" color: blue">مواد و روشها:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra" color: blue"> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">این مطالعه مقطعی در سال 1391 در شهرستان بابل انجام گرفت.</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""> تعداد 376 نمونه آب به صورت تصادفی در دو فصل تابستان و زمستان از خطوط انتقال و نقاط مصرف در مناطق مورد مطالعه اخذ گردید. </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">غلظت نیترات و نیتریت </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">با</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""> استفاده از دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر (</span><span dir="ltr">Spectrophotometer</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>) مدل 5000 </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> DR</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">از شرکت </span><span dir="ltr">HACH</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>، </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">در طول موج‌های5</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">70 و520 نانومتر تعیین و نتایج حاصل با استاندارد ملی کشور و رهنمود سازمان بهداشت جهانی مقایسه گردید.</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><o:p /></span></p> <p style="line-height: 16pt" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra" color: blue">یافته ها:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">غلظت نیترات و نیتریت آب مناطق روستایی، در خطوط انتقال </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">7/2</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>±</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>4/4 </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">و </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">02/0</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>±</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>04/0 </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">میلی‌گرم در لیتر و در نقاط مصرف </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">3/5</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>±</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>3/8</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""> و </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">03/0</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>±</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>035/0</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""> میلی‌گرم در لیتر و در نقاط شهری، در خطوط انتقال به ترتیب </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">5/1</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>±</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>8</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""> و </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">03/0</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>±</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>045/0</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""> میلی‌گرم در لیتر و در نقاط مصرف به ترتیب </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">7/3</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>±</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>8/8 </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">و </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra"">035/0</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>±</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>038/0</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""> میلی‌گرم در لیتر بود که این تفاوت‌ها تنها در مورد نیترات آب در خطوط انتقال و نقاط مصرف در مناطق روستایی معنی‌دار بود (03/0</span><span dir="ltr">p=</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>). میانگین نیترات و نیتریت به ترتیب در تابستان 9/1</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>±</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>7/6 و 001/0</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>±</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>03/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و در زمستان 9/3</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>±</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>4/9 و 001/0</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>±</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>04/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بود، که این اختلاف برای نیترات معنی‌دار بود (014/0</span><span dir="ltr">p=</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "2 Mitra""><span dir="rtl"></span>).<b><o:p /></b></span></p> <b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "2 Mitra" color: blue" dir="rtl">نتیجه گیری:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "2 Mitra"" dir="rtl"> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "2 Mitra"" dir="rtl">نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که حداکثر غلظت یون‌های نیترات و نیتریت در تمام نقاط تاسیسات آب شهری و روستایی مورد مطالعه در فصول تابستان و زمستان پایین‌تر از حدود مجاز آب آشامیدنی کشور و رهنمودهای سازمان بهداشت جهانی می‌باشد. با این وجود پایش مداوم بر میزان غلظت ترکیبات نیتروژن‌دار ورودی به منابع آب آشامیدنی به دلیل اثرات نامطلوب آنها بر سلامت انسان ضرورت دارد.</span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span style="color: blue">BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:</span></b> Nitrate and Nitrite are entered to environment and ground water resources through using the chemical fertilizers, discharging the effluent of municipal and industrial sewage treatment plants and discharging the human wastewater. Nitrate is the cause of Methemoglobinemia disorder in babies. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of Nitrate and Nitrite in drinking water of transmission line and of consumption points in rural and urban places of Babol.<o:p /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span style="color: blue">METHODS:</span></b> This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in Babol in 2013. A total of 376 water samples were randomly collected from water transmission line and consumption points in rural and urban places of Babol in summer and winter. Spectrophotometer of HACH Company, DR5000 model with 520 and 570 nm wavelengths was used for measurement of Nitrate and Nitrite concentration in water. The results were compared with national standards and WHO guideline of Nitrate and Nitrite concentrations in drinking water.<o:p /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span style="color: blue">FINDINGS:</span></b> The concentrations of Nitrate and Nitrite in drinking water of transmission line and consumption points of rural places were 4.4±2.7 and 0.04±0.02 mg/l and 8.3± 5.3and 0.035±0.03 mg/l, respectively. In urban localities these amounts were 8±1.5 and 0.045±0.3 mg/l and 8.8±3.7 and 0.038±0.035 mg/l. There was significant difference between the Nitrate of water in transmission line and consumption points (P= 0.03). The concentrations of Nitrate and Nitrite in drinking water in summer and winter were 6.7±1.9 and 0.03±0.001 mg/l and 9.4±3.9 and 0.04±0.001 mg/l respectively. There was significant difference for the concentration of Nitrate in terms of analysis (P=0.014).<o:p /></p><p style="line-height: 14pt direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed" class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14pt direction: ltr unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span style="color: blue">CONCLUSION:</span></b> Result of this study showed that the maximum Nitrate and Nitrite concentrations in all rural and urban water supplies in summer and winter were fewer than the standard of drinking water of Iran and WHO guidelines. However, it is necessary to monitor continuously the contents of the nitrogenous compounds into the drinking water resources due to undesirable effects on the human.<o:p /></p> <!--stripped--> تاسیسات آب, آب آشامیدنی, نیترات, نیتریت. Water Supply, Drinking water, Nitrate, Nitrite. 70 77 http://jbums.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1050-9&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 iman Amoue عبدالایمان عموئی 10031947532846008263 10031947532846008263 No hajar Tabarinia هاجر طبری نیا 10031947532846008264 10031947532846008264 No asiyeh Khalilpour آسیه خلیل پور 10031947532846008265 10031947532846008265 No hossein Faraji حسین فرجی 10031947532846008266 10031947532846008266 No ali akbar Mohammadi علی اکبر محمدی amohamady58@yahoo.com 10031947532846008267 10031947532846008267 Yes