A Comparative Study of the Effects of Sodium Arsenite and Nanoparticles of Sodium Arsenite on the Apparent and Skeletal Malformations in Rat Embryos
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H Njafzadeh Varzi * , M Khaksari Mahabadi , A Haji |
, najafzadeh@scu.ac.ir |
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Abstract: (8026 Views) |
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Arsenic causes
congenital anomalies in humans and animals, and nanoparticles
of sodium arsenite are highly capable
of inducing apoptosis. Since the effects of nanoparticles of sodium arsenite on fetal malformations have not been evaluated yet, this
study aims to compare the effect of sodium arsenite and nanoparticles of sodium
arsenite on skeletal malformations in rat embryos.
METHODS: This in-vitro study was performed on
four groups of pregnant rats (n= 23 rats). Mating was confirmed by observation of
vaginal plug. On the tenth day of gestation, pregnant rats in different groups
received intraperitoneal normal saline (n=7 rats), sodium arsenite (11 mg/kg)
(n=5 rats), nanoparticles of sodium arsenite (1 mg) (n=5
rats) and nanoparticles of sodium arsenite (11 mg) (n=7
rats). All the rats were euthanized on the twentieth day of pregnancy and their
embryos were removed, their weight and length were measured, and then were
stained with alizarin red and alcian blue. The skeletal system abnormities of
embryos such as cleft palate, malfunctions or malformations in ribs,
vertebrae, spine, sternum, arms, legs, fingers and reduction of ossification
were evaluated
by a stereomicroscope, and then compared with the control group.
FINDINGS: Sodium arsenite and nanoparticles of
sodium arsenite reduced
fetal weight from 5 g in the control group to 2 g (p≤0.033) and also, decreased
fetal length from 38 cm to 28 cm in the control group (p≤0.023). The weight and
length of fetuses were significantly reduced in nanoparticles
of sodium arsenite group (11 mg), as compared to sodium arsenite group (p≤0.033).
There were no skeletal malformations in the control group, while the percentage
of anomalities was between 3% and 47% in the intervention group.
CONCLUSION: Nanoparticles of sodium
arsenite, as compared to sodium arsenite, were more effective in reducing fetal
length and weight and in diminishing the rate of skeletal
malformations such as cleft palate |
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Keywords: Fetal Rats, Skeletal Anomalies, Sodium Arsenite |
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Full-Text [PDF 714 kb]
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Pharmacology Received: 2015/01/10 | Accepted: 2015/08/24 | Published: 2015/09/20
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